The Present simple tense

They began speaking (speaking ifodalagan ish-harakati egaga ya’ni they ga tegishli).
2. Gerund ifodalagan ish-harakat ega yoki to’ldiruvchi bo’lmagan shaxs yoki buyumga ham tegishli bo’lishi mumkin. Bu holda o’sha shaxs yoki buyum qaratqich kelishidagi ot yoki egalik olmoshi bilan ifodalanadi.
The agent informed the firm of the buyer’s havivg insured the cargo.
3.Agar gerund qarashli bo’lgan ot jonsiz bo’lsa, u ot bosh kelishikda ishlatiladi, chunki jonsiz otlar qaratqich kelishigida ishlatilmaydi.
He object to the ships leaving the port in such stormy weather.
4. Bosh kelishikdagi jonsiz otlar o’rnida its, ko’plikda their egalik olmoshlari ishlatiladi.
We insisted on its (the contract) being signed immediately.
5. Gerund va uning oldidan kelgan ot yoki olmosh bir-biri bilan ma’no jihatdan bog’langan bo’lib, murakkab gab bo’lganligi – qo’shna ega, qo’shma to’ldiruvchi, qo’shma aniqlovchi va hol bo’lib keladi. Gerundli iboralar ma’no jihatdan ergash gaplarga tengdir.
He insisted on my returing soon = he insisted that I should return soon.
The student’s knowing French well helped him considerably on learning English = that the student knew French well helped him considerably in learning English.
Gerundli iboralardagi ot yoki olmosh ergash gapda ega, gerund esa kesim bo’lib keladi.
Verbal Nouns (fe’ldan yasalgan otlar)
1. –ing qo’shimchasi bilan fe’llardan otlar yasash mumkin. Fe’ldan yasalgan otlar gerunddan farq qilib artikl bilan ishlatilishi mumkin, ko’plik shakliga ega bo’ladi va sifat bilan aniqlanadi.
He took part in the sitting of the committee.
I was awakened by their loud talking.
2. Fe’ldan yasalgan otlar gerunddan farq qilib, zamon va nisbatga ega emas, ulardan keyin vositasiz to’ldiruvchi kelmaydi.
They started the loading of the ship.


Infinitive
Infinitiv fe’lning shaxsi noma’lum shakli bo’lib, harakatning nomini bildiradi; shaxsini ham, sonini ham ko’rsatmaydi. Infinitivning ko’rsatkichi tarjima qilinmaydigan va urg’u olmaydigan to yuklamasidir.
Bu gapda biron bir fe’ldan oldin “to”-sh, -ish, -moq bilan keluvchi fe’llarga aytiladi.
Formulasi quyidagicha bo’ladi: