The Wild Animal’s Story: Nonhuman Protagonists in Twentieth-Century Canadian Literature through the Lens of Practical Zoocriticism
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Allmark-KentC
biography and unique, individual perspective to a human (albeit telepathically)
so that she may appropriate his voice to use as a mouthpiece to convey zoocentric criticisms of humanity. As a potential counter-balance to this stretch of the speculative imagination, Grove reinforces readings of his ants as ants with detailed, scientific information. The journey of Wawa-quee and her companions brings them into contact with different species of ants. This provides Grove with the opportunity to demonstrate the heterogeneity of all the different behaviours and social systems encompassed within the word ‘ant.’ Certain methods of collecting or cultivating food share similarities with human subsistence techniques, leading to critics’ assumptions that these are not real behaviours but allegories: the other races they meet in the first four sections of the book function (not always successfully) as satirical allegories of some aspect of human history. Thus we have patronizing descriptions of slave-holding, cattle- raising, harvesting, and warlike races whose members include capitalists, robber barons, and parasitic intellectuals. (Proietti 372) Indeed, Grove does demonstrate that Atta Gigantea cut circular disks of leaf from acacia trees to be “shredded by the minims and be inoculated with the hyphae or spores of the fungus which grows on them” (Grove 207). Thus, they harvest and cultivate food in a manner similar to human agriculture. He also illustrates the ways in with Cremastogasters “domesticate the aphids and coccids” and “build sheds for them in the shelter and protection” to “guard them more effectively” (76). We must recall, however, that Grove’s previous Allmark-Kent 212 statement regarding human interpretation of nonhuman life: “as the human-race conceit of the investigator was strongly or weakly developed, the behaviour of these insects, and especially ants, was placed either in contrast or in comparison with the behaviour of man” (12). Proietti’s anthropocentric interpretation relies on the mistaken assumption that humans are the only animals capable of such behaviour. As our understanding of the complexities of animal existence develops, so too must our perceptions of both human uniqueness and ‘anthropomorphism.’ For instance, rock ants (Temnothorax albipennis ) are one of the species found to satisfy Caro and Hauser’s definition of nonhuman teaching discussed in the previous chapter (Morell 44). A century after Burroughs’ outrage at Seton’s representation of crows teaching, researchers find scientific evidence of tiny rock ants laboriously teaching each other the routes between new nesting sites (39-45). We might indeed conclude that Grove’s “picture of antdom” is “essentially true to fact” (Grove 8). In the introduction he provides evidence of his research through F.P.G.’s reflections on scientists and naturalists whose work inspired his hobby (12-16). Likewise, in the appendix and notes, he demonstrates further evidence of his research by detailing the various behaviours and societies of the ant species he represents. Hence, Grove not only strengthens the ability of readers to interpret his ants as ants , but demonstrates that our reductive notion of ‘the ant’ is entirely inadequate to encompass the great heterogeneity of Formicarian life. Download 3.36 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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