The Wild Animal’s Story: Nonhuman Protagonists in Twentieth-Century Canadian Literature through the Lens of Practical Zoocriticism
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mystical and, in particular, the
‘white bone’. A legend from a distant land, picked up by a wandering male, the mythical white bone is meant to lead the elephants to The Safe Place, “a paradise. No droughts there, ever. No perils” (71). This place seems to be some kind of nature reserve, where the only humans are “entranced,” staring at the elephants peacefully (74). The elephants who know most about the white bone seem to be African forest elephants known as “the Lost Ones, or the Forest Dwellers,” described as having “abnormally long narrow tusks, [...] small ears, sleek skin, luminous green eyes,” and being “beautiful despite their size. And gifted. All of them visionaries” (64-5). Not only are their eyes luminous, they produce beams of green light. Eventually, Tall Time finds the Lost Ones. They are surviving the drought in a cave in which there is elephant art scratched into the rock. The drawings are rough and barely Allmark-Kent 228 visible, having been etched using tusks. It is not known when, how or by whom they were made but the elephants presume it was a Lost One long ago. Despite being fairly rudimentary, these drawings induce visions of that which they depict. Gowdy claims that “everything my elephant characters do lies within the realm of the possible. As a novelist I have simply taken observed behaviour and credited it with a high level of intentionality” (Gowdy/Siciliano, emphasis added). Whilst this is largely true, her depictions of the forest elephants evidently steps beyond the “realm of the possible”. The white bone, the Lost Ones, and the ma gic in the novel undoubtedly stray into Oerleman’s category of the “implausible and fantastical” (190). It is here that I feel his ‘embarrassment’ lies, although I argue that it is due to the suspicion that Gowdy has abandoned her “rigor” and “attentiveness to natural science” (Sandlos 87). Most importantly, there is the impression that her “huge imaginative leap” (Gowdy/Siciliano) has failed. Thus, it is the embarrassment of having accepted her challenge to read her elephants as elephants, to imagine and follow her speculation, only to encounter a disruption of zoocentrism. It is the same sense that the representation has been pushed ‘too far’ found in Grove’s ants learning to read. Is it a speculative challenge or the failure of the author’s zoocentric imagination? Whether or not this is a true ‘failure’ or ‘abandonment,’ it nonetheless draws attention to the novel’s construction in a profound way. To some extent, it functions in a way similar to Grove’s disruption of his novel’s accuracy. The reader is reminded of the fictional nature of the narrative —that it is a speculative exploration, not an attempt to depict reality. I suggest that we might consider these techniques in the context of Seton ’s and Roberts’ claims of ‘truth’ and ‘accuracy.’ As suggested in the previous section, perhaps these strategies have Allmark-Kent 229 been developed in response to the perceived foolishness of attempts to ‘realistically’ represent animals after the Nature Fakers controversy. Intentionally or otherwise, the use of magic draws attention to the representation of elephants and what we, as the reader, take for granted. What do we truly know of the nonhuman? In The White Bone, Gowdy invites the reader to experience the richness of her speculation, to enter the being of an elephant, to glimpse elephant culture and society, to care about these elephants and to feel their pain. Nonetheless, through this disruptive use of magic, she reminds us of the fantasy of knowing. Oerleman remarks that the novel makes us “believe in the possibility that animals like elephants have complex emotional and spiritual lives, and equally, make us aware of all that we do not and cannot know about these lives, that they are rich beyond our imagining ” (Oerleman 195). Gowdy opens possibilities and poses questions, but makes no claims on behalf of the elephant. Download 3.36 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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