The Wild Animal’s Story: Nonhuman Protagonists in Twentieth-Century Canadian Literature through the Lens of Practical Zoocriticism
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for the first time: “I saw him turn away. But I can’t believe it. Never reckoned an animal could think. […] Reckon I’m done hunting. I just don’t reckon I can go and kill animals if they can think . It ain’t right!’” (304). Within a week, Cousins is sworn in as a deputy conservation officer for the area and persuades Taggart to stop hunting for anything but his own consumption. The differing representations of nonhuman cognitive, emotional, and social complexity in these texts demonstrates the close relationship between animal psychology research and the ‘realistic’ representation of animals. If we use these novels to further contextualize the wild animal story we can detect the changing state of this scientific field. Indeed, the practical zoocriticism approach of reading the texts in conjunction with the relevant scientific discourses enables us to trace the simultaneous evolution of the scientific investigation of animal minds and the realistic representation of animals in literature. Moreover, we can perceive the role of science in def initions of ‘anthropomorphism’ or ‘nature faking.’ The fact that none of these twentieth-century authors faced any such accusations is a testament to this relationship. Indeed, it is also further evidence that the wild animal story’s reputation as an ‘embarrassment’ to Canadian literature is unjust. Allmark-Kent 195 CHAPTER SIX SPECULATIVE REPRESENTATIONS: FREDERICK PHILIP GROVE’S CONSIDER HER WAYS, BARBARA GOWDY’S THE WHITE BONE, AND ALISON BAIRD’S WHITE AS THE WAVES Introduction The close relationship between the scientific study of animal cognition and the literary representation of animal protagonists, discussed in the previous chapter, develops into a more complex (and perhaps less hierarchical) interaction in these speculative texts. Although each author produces a scientifically-informed depiction of nonhuman experience, they challenge what is known of their specific species through speculative acts of the imagination. Although they maintain a sustained zoocentric perspective, by pushing the boundaries of plausibility these authors avoid the issues of ‘accuracy’ or ‘truth’ that preoccupied the Nature Fakers controversy. Consequently, however, these texts are often read as ‘anthropomorphic fantasy’ or exaggerated ‘science fictio n.’ As such, I suggest that both the original wild animal stories and the speculative narratives addressed in this chapter rely on paratext to reinforce their zoocentric commitment. Due to the emphasis on nonhuman perspectives within the text itself, introductions, prefaces, and afterwords can be necessary to shape readers’ interpretations. The marginalization of these texts means that there has been very little scholarship published on any of them. Hence, my close analysis must be of a different kind to that of the previous chapters. In the final section, I will use my reading of White as the Waves to reflect back on the wild animal story and the other zoocentric texts. Using practical zoocriticism, I Allmark-Kent 196 will consider the possibilities for their reciprocal communication with scientific researchers. Download 3.36 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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