Towards a General Theory of Translational Action : Skopos Theory Explained
Download 1.78 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
Towards a General Theory of Translational Action Skopos Theory Explained by Katharina Reiss, Hans J Vermeer (z-lib.org) (2)
varonil (‘male’) was rendered as weiblich (‘female’) in (18b). In this manner,
priority was given to pragmatic equivalence over semantic equivalence in order to preserve the equivalence of sense by means of an equivalence of function for the expression un ente de sexo varonil, thus achieving equivalence at genre level, as well as at (expressive) text type level (cf. Reiß 1981). Once again, it should be noted that the translator’s decision with regard to textual equivalence would have been different if the same expression had oc curred in a different text, e.g. ‘Sagas of Gods and Heroes in Ancient Greece’, where it probably would have served a different function. As we have seen above, equivalence cannot be determined absolutely and once and for all, not even for a particular language pair, but only in relation to the many factors influencing the translation process at different value levels. (19) It’s the early bird that catches the tub. (Webster (Webster: Daddy-Long- Legs 1967: 68) (19a) Nur der frühe Vogel erwischt die Badewanne. (Trans. Boveri 1979: 80) Equivalence and adequacy 150 (19b) Wer zuerst kommt, badet zuerst. (Trans. BoeschFrutiger (Trans. BoeschFrutiger 1970: 99) (Literal backtranslation: First come, first bathed.) There are two different German translations for the ST segment (one pub lished in West Germany, one in Switzerland). The literal translation (19a) is semantically equivalent, but does it achieve textual equivalence as well? At first glance, (19b) does not seem to have much in common with the ST. Is this an arbitrary change? If we look at the (linguistic) cotext and the (situational) context, however, the literal translation does not achieve textual equivalence, although it adequately reproduces the content of the sentence. Unlike the sourcetext readers, with their specific background knowledge, the target readers will not recognize that the source text modifies a proverb (it’s the early bird that catches the worm). This stylistic choice is a formfocused element which, in a text of the expressive type, requires a similar procedure to achieve textual equivalence (factor: sociocultural context). If we consider the entire text, it even has an additional function. The way the writer of the letters, Judy, refers to the fact that in college you have to get up early if you want to find a space in the bathroom highlights her witty character, which is not explicitly described but is subtly insinuated by the style of her letters. In order to achieve communicative equivalence, the target text should also pro vide this indirect characterization (factor: genre ‘epistolary novel’). Moreover, the expression der frühe Vogel (19a) triggers negative associations with other metaphorical uses of Vogel in German (e.g. a suspicious or weird person). The possibility that certain words evoke specific associations must always be taken into consideration, particularly in texts of the expressive type (requirement related to the text type). The English proverb has a number of counterparts in German, such as Morgenstund hat Gold im Mund (meaning: ‘if you want your business to thrive, you have to start work early’), which is the equivalent offered by the dictionary, Wer zuerst kommt, mahlt zuerst (literally: ‘who comes first, mills first’), or, by changing the perspective, Den Letzten beißen die Hunde (‘the devil takes the hindmost’). In this text, the choice is guided both by the situ ational context and the structural potential of German to modify the proverb in question. Morgenstund hat Gold im Mund does not fit the situation described in the text and cannot be naturally modified in the same way as the English proverb. The functionally relevant semantic elements of the passage are ‘to get up early’ and ‘to be there first without having to wait’. Although wer zuerst Download 1.78 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2025
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling