Unit 1 the simple present s + V(e)s + O

NOTE: for (somebody) + to (do something)—biror kimga biror ish qilish uchun / biror ish qilgani:
There were not any chair for us to sit on, so we had to sit on the floor.


NOTE: for+ V_ing yoki “to” shakli biror narsaning umuman qanday sabab uchun yoki maqsadda foydalanilishini ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi:

5. 
   So that
   

Ba’zan biror maqsad yoki sababni ifodalash uchun “so that” bo’g’lovchisidan foydalanamiz va bundan keyin ega va kesim qo’llaniladi. O’zbek tiliga “..deb/…uchun... /maqsadida “deya tarjima qilinadi. “So that “ asosan quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi.(Bunday holatlarda “to” shakli ishlatiladi)
Inkor mazmundagi maqsadni ifodalash uchun <<… so that…won’t/wouldn’t>>tarzida yasaladi:
I hurried so that I wouldn’t be late.
Leave early so that you won’t (or don’t) miss the bus.
Note: can/could modal fe’llari bilan (so that…can/could):
She’s learning English so that she can study in Canada
We moved to London so that we could see our friends more often.

6. 
   –ing clauses—ni jumla yoki birikma deb tushunish mumkin,o’zbek tilida ravishdosh yoki sifatdosh tarzida ifodalanadi.Agar “–ing clause “ gapning boshida kelsa, yozuvda vergul ajratiladi:
   

Javlon hurt his knee playing football.
Feeling tired, I went to bed early.

• 
  “-ing clause” ikki ish-harakatning bir paytda sodir bo’lishini ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi:
  

A man ran out of the house shouting.
Do something! Don’t just stand there doing nothing!

• 
  Bir ish-harakat boshqa bir ish-harakatdan oldin sodir bo’lganini ifodalash uchun “having +V₃” (-gach)shakli ishlatiladi.Bunday gaplar “after+ V_ing” sinonimdir: