Uzbekistan State World Languages University ma course “ Modern trends and concepts in Phraseology” Academic year 2022-2023 /3rd

As smart as a whip very quick-witted and intelligent.

"despite some of the things he says, he's as smart as a whip"

4. 
   As brave as lion
   
5. 
   If someone is (as) sharp as a tack, they are extremely intelligent and perceptive. “Karla's grandmother is 94 years old and still sharp as a tack.” “My daughter is sharp as a tack, just like her mother.”
   

147. 
     How is the “principle of language economy” expressed in Phraseology?
     

Sometimes phraseological units are derived from proverbs, so when we're using this shortened versions of proverbs as PhUs, it's basically the implementation of the principle of language economy. Like when we say Jack of all trades about the person who is capable of doing many things, while it's actually a part of the saying "Jack of all trades is a master of none, but oftentimes better than a master of one". 
Almost every phraseological unit is used due to principle of language economy, as PhUs always have an additional idiomatic meaning covering a whole phenomenon or situation. Like dark horse is not just a dark horse, it's a person who keeps their interests and ideas secret, but instead of using all of these descriptions we can just say "dark horse". That's also language economy

148. 
     What is the role of discourse in the interpretation of PhUs? Provide examples in discourses
     

The semantics of the phraseological fund of the language is directly related to the cultural and historical experience of the English-speaking people;
The functions of PhUs in contexts/discourse are mainly to give our thought and speech brightness, imagery and expressiveness, emotionality and evaluativeness, through irony and hyperbolisation, metaphorisation and metonymysation, - all these qualities of phraseological units make them communicatively and conceptually extremely valuable subsystem of the Global English vocabulary
This term refers to how a particular expression is used on a particular occasion. The discourse function of a sentence depends on the context, for example Can you give me a call? might be a command or a question. Discourse functions include commands, statements and questions.

149. 
     What are the constant functions of PhUs? Give examples
     

According to V. Kunin, that communicative, cognitive and nominative functions are constant functions of phraseological units. 
Some of these functions are constant, which are present in all conditions of use, and include communicative, cognitive and nominative; 
•Others are variable, specific for certain classes of PhUs: pragmatic, cumilative, emotive, etc.