Uzbekistan State World Languages University ma course “ Modern trends and concepts in Phraseology” Academic year 2022-2023 /3rd

The majority of substantive idiomatic phs re anthropocentric, which means describing persons, and all what can be connected with them; 
They are usually positively or negatively evaluative;
They consist of noun combinations with prepositions of, with, without, between, for, etc.

Anthropocentric PhUs describe people and their actions and states: 

Phraseomatic PhUs (combinations/traditional set phrases) 
A friend at court - a person in a position to use their influence on one's behalf. 
The following are idiomatic nominative PhUs (idioms/fusions):
A couch potato - a person who takes little or no exercise and watches a lot of television, etc.

142. 
     What is a phatic function of PhUs? Provide such examples
     

. From the linguistic viewpoint, every time we speak, we do it with a particular purpose, or function;
Linguistic functions refer to the social uses of language, describing objects and activities of the real and unreal world, expressing personal feelings, opinions, requesting information, initiating social interactions, evaluating people and actions, asking for help, or just making a joke,
​Roman Yacobson (1972) suggested the following functions
Phatic function — is aimed to "warm-up" the dialogue, to start the conversation, or to continue
Phatic: The phatic function is used to establish a social connection without really communicating any meaningful information. This type of language is used to start or stop a conversation or to check the connection between the sender and receiver. For example: “How are you?” “I'm fine.” “See you later.”
Add. Information
Referential function — is used to describe the object and its state, specific situations;
Poetic function — exists as is in the poetic genre to distinguish it from others;
Emotive functions — expresses emotions in exclamations and interjections;
Conative function — is focused on the addressee and has an imperative character;
it;Metalinguistic function — is used when there is a need to use the language to describe itself

143. 
     What structural types of phrasal verbs do you know? Give examples
     

There are 8 basic structural types of PhUs:

1.One-summit units with 1 notional and 1-3 functional words: at large, by the way, etc.
2.With subordinate or coordinative structure: 
burn one’s fingers, thick and thin;
3.With partially predicative structure: ships that pass in the night, birds of a feather;
4. Subordinate clause structure: when pigs fly;
5. Simple or complex sentence structure: seeing is believing, birds of a feather flock together; 
5.Nominative-communicative structure (set expressions with verbs in infinitive form in Active voice and with sentence structure in Passive voice): to break the ice – the ice is broken; to spill the beans – the beans are spilt; 
7. Sentence equivalents (interjections): My foot! 
8. Comparative structures with predication: as good as gold, as weak as cunning as a fox, etc.

144. 
     How does idiophraseomatic meaning differ phraseomatic meaning? Give examples
     

Idiomatic meaning ​
It is information expresses by set expressions with fully or partially transferred components;
Such PhUs are not made by generative models of free word groups and are often referred to as ‘idioms’:
To play cat and mouse 
To show one’s teeth
A small fry 
To pull one’s leg