What is the category of modality? How can it be expressed by PhUs? Modality is a linguistic concept having to do with possibility, necessity, permissibility of an action. They express various relationships to reality and truth as well as they give more information about subject of speech by qualifying it in some way. We express modality with modal verbs and the words with the meaning of modality. Sure as a gun, sure as death or not at all
89.What verbal PhUs represent semi-idioms? Give examples
Semi idioms are PhUs which have b oth literal and figurative meanings often found in terminology or professionalisms as in chain reaction :
1)A chain reaction is a series of chemical changes, each of which causes the next
2) a chain reaction is a series of events each of which causes the next
* a ray of hope – an encouraging sign
* a blind hand – freedom for action
What types of stylistic functions can PhUs express? Give examples
Stylistic function is actualized through expressing of one of the connotative meanings which can be 4 types :
1)functional ( reflecting the sphere of usage of the word ) to kick the bucket ; to join the majority
2) emotive ( rendering the attitude of the speaker pleasant or unpleasant ) – a sight for sore eyes ; work like a horse
How are phraseological units with idiomatic meaning called by
Vinogradov V.V./Amosova N.N./Kunin A.V.? Give examples
According to Vinogradov’s classification all phraseological units are divided into phraseological fusions, phraseological unities and phraseological combinations.
A.V. Kunin in his researches describes these criteria: idiomatic, idiophraseomatic, phraseomatic units.
PhUs were also approached from the contextual point of view. N.N. Amosova offers the procedure of contextual analysis as the most objective way of separating PhUs from free word-groups and traditional collocations (set-phrases). She defines PhUs as units of fixed context.
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