Zamon shakllari

Rarely, seldom, never – ravishlari

He rarely goes to the cinema. (NOT: He doesn’t rarely go to the

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negative (inkor) ma’nog ega bo’lib, hech qachon not so’zi bilan ishlatilmaydi.	cinema.) – U kamdan-kam kinoteatrga boradi. I never take sugar in my coffee. (NOT: I don’t never take sugar in my coffee.) – Men hech qachon kofega shakar solmayman.
Lekin: ushbu takroriylik ravishlari qisqa javoblarda (short answers) yordamchi fe’llardan oldin keladi. Bu qoida faqatgina qisqa javoblar uchun.	Do you eat out? – Ko’chada (restoranda) ovqatlanasizmi? Yes, I often do. (NOT: Yes, I do often.) – Ha, tez-tez. No, I never do. (NOT: No, I do never.) – Yo’q, hech qachon.

Qisqa javoblar (Short answers)

Yes,+personal pronoun+do/does.

No,+personal pronoun+don’t/doesn’t.

Do the students get up early? Yes, they do./No, they don’t. – Talabalar erta turishadimi? Ha./Yo’q.

Does he get up early? Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t. – U erta turadimi? Ha./Yo’q.

Present continuous – hozirgi davomli zamon

Darak gap (affirmative)	So’roq gap (interrogative)	Inkor gap (negative)
𝒂𝒎(′𝒎) 𝑺+𝒊𝒔(′𝒔) +𝑽𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒓𝒆(′𝒓𝒆)	𝑨𝒎 𝑰𝒔 +𝑺+𝑽𝒊𝒏𝒈? 𝑨𝒓𝒆	𝒂𝒎𝒏𝒐𝒕(′𝒎𝒏𝒐𝒕) 𝑺+𝒊𝒔𝒏𝒐𝒕(𝒊𝒔𝒏′𝒕) +𝑽𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒕(𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒏′𝒕)

Tom is taking a photo. Tom rasmga tushiryapti.

We are learning English.
Biz ingliz tilini o’rganyapmiz.

He’s studying hard now. U hozir qattiq o’qiyapti.
Is Tom reading a book? Tom kitob o’qiyaptimi?

Are you learning Spanish?
Siz ispan tilini o’rganyapsizmi?

Is he studying hard now? U hozir qattiq o’qiyaptimi?
Tom is not reading a book. Tom kitob o’qimayapti.

We are not learning Spanish. Biz ispan tilini o’rganmayapmiz.

He isn’t studying hard now. U hozir qattiq o’qimayapti.

-ing qo’shish qoidalari

1 -e harfiga tugaydigan fe’llarga –ing qo’shilganda –e harfi tushib qoladi.

2 Agar fe’l bir bo’g’inli bo’lsa, yoki urg’u oxirgi bo’g’inga tushsa va o’sha bo’g’inda ikki undoshning o’rtasida bitta unli kelgan bo’lsa, -ing qo’shilganda o’xirgi undosh ikkitaga ortadi.

3 -l harfiga tugaydigan fe’llarga – ing qo’shilganda – l harfi ikkitaga ortadi.

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