60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
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3 + y 3 = 1, x 4 + y 4 = 1. 18.1.9.4. Suppose that primes a 1 , a 2 , . . . , a p form an increasing arithmetic progression and a 1 > p. Prove that if p is a prime, then the difference of the progression is divisible by p. 18.1.9.5. Inside 4ABC, there is fixed a point D such that AC − DA > 1 and BC − BD > 1. Prove that EC − ED > 1 for any point E on segment AB; see Fig. 26. Grade 10 18.1.10.1. A square table with n 2 small squares is filled with numbers 1 to n so that in each row and in each column all numbers from 1 to n are present. Let n be odd and the table be symmetric through the main diagonal. Prove that on this diagonal all the numbers 1, 2, 3, . . . , n are present. 18.1.10.2. See Problem 18.1.9.3. 18.1.10.3. See Problem 18.1.9.5. 18.1.10.4. Given a trihedral angle with vertex O. Find whether there is a planar section ABC such that the angles ∠OAB, ∠OBA, ∠OBC, ∠OCB, ∠OAC, ∠OCA are acute? 50 MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS 1 – 59 Figure 26. (Probl. 18.1.9.5) Tour 18.2 Grade 7 18.2.7.1. Find integer solutions of the equation x 3 − 2y 3 − 4z 3 = 0. 18.2.7.2. The quadratic expression ax 2 +bx+c is the 4-th power (of an integer) for any integer x. Prove that a = b = 0. 18.2.7.3. The centers O 1 , O 2 and O 3 of circles escribed about 4ABC are connected. Prove that 4O 1 O 2 O 3 is an acute-angled one. 18.2.7.4. 25 chess players are going to participate in a chess tournament. All are on distinct skill levels, and of the two players the one who plays better always wins. What is the least number of games needed to select the two best players? 18.2.7.5. Cut a rectangle into 18 rectangles so that no two adjacent ones form a rectangle. Grade 8 18.2.8.1*. The quadratic expression ax 2 + bx + c is a square (of an integer) for any integer x. Prove that ax 2 + bx + c = (dx + e) 2 for some integers d and e. 18.2.8.2*. Two circles are tangent to each other externally, and to a third one from the inside. Two common tangents to the first two circles are drawn, one outer and one inner. Prove that the inner tangent divides in halves the arc intercepted by the outer tangent on the third circle. (Cf. Problem 20.2.9.5.) 18.2.8.3. A point O inside a convex n-gon A 1 A 2 . . . A n is connected with segments to its vertices. The sides of this n-gon are numbered 1 to n (distinct sides have distinct numbers). The segments OA 1 , OA 2 , . . . , OA n are similarly numbered. a) For n = 9 find a numeration such that the sum of the sides’ numbers is the same for all triangles A 1 OA 2 , A 2 OA 3 , . . . , A n OA 1 . b) Prove that for n = 10 there is no such numeration. 18.2.8.4. Let the inequality Aa(Bb + Cc) + Bb(Aa + Cc) + Cc(Aa + Bb) > Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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