60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
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so that each of the lines drawn gets identical with another of lines drawn on the fixed copy of the plane. Find all values of n for which such a system of lines exists. 34.1.9.4. Prove that no integer obtained by permutation of the digits in the decimal expression of 2 k (k > 3), is equal to 2 n for n > k. (Obviously, n and k are integers here.) 34.1.9.5. Prove that there are infinitely many non-primes among the numbers [2 k · √ 2], k = 1, 2, . . . . Grade 10 34.1.10.1. Consider a closed broken line A 1 A 2 . . . A n A 1 in space such that every segment of it intersects a fixed sphere at two points, and all vertices of the line are located outside the sphere. The intersection points divide the broken line into 3n segments so that the segments at the vertex A 1 are equal and the same holds true for the vertices A 2 , A 3 , . . . , A n−1 . Prove that the segments at A n are also equal. (Cf. Problem 34.1.8.2). 34.1.10.2. Peter has a set “Young tiler” of tiles arranged in a rectangular box so that they completely cover the bottom of the box in one layer. Every tile has an area of 3 cm and is either a rectangle or an L-shaped figure, see Fig. 78. Figure 78. (Probl. 34.1.10.2) Peter says that he lost an L-shaped tile, made a new rectangular tile instead of it, and arranged all tiles in the box in one layer. Can one be certain that Peter is lying? 34.1.10.3. The terms a sequence x 1 , x 2 , . . . , x n , . . . satisfy the equation 3x n − x n−1 = n for any n > 1 and |x 1 | < 1971. Find x 1971 to the nearest millionth. 34.1.10.4. All vertices of a convex n-gon and k more points inside it are marked. It turns out that any three of these n+k points are not on the same straight line and are the vertices of an isosceles nondegenerate triangle. What value may k take? 34.1.10.5. There is a pile of 10 million matches. Two players play a game, taking turns. A player may take p n matches, where p is a prime and n = 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . ( for example, the first takes 25 matches, the second takes 8, the first 1, the second 5, the first 49, and so on). The player who takes the last match is the winner. Who wins if both play optimally? Tour 34.2 Grade 7 34.2.7.1. Is there a number whose square begins with the digits 123456789 and ends with the digits 987654321? 34.2.7.2. Consider square ABCD, a point O inside it and perpendiculars AH 1 , BH 2 , CH 3 , DH 4 dropped from points A, B, C, D to segments BO, CO, DO, AO, respectively. Prove that the straight lines on which these perpendiculars lie meet at one point. 34.2.7.3. A colony of n bacteria lived in a beaker. Once, a virus got into the beaker. In the first minute the virus destroyed one bacterium and immediately after that both the virus and the remaining bacteria split in halves. In the second minute the two viruses destroyed two new bacteria, and then the viruses and the remaining bacteria again split in halves, and so on. Will a moment come when no bacteria are left? 34.2.7.4. There is a mesh of 1 × 1 squares. Its every node is painted one of four given colors so that the nodes of any 1 × 1 square are differently colored. Prove that there is a straight line of the grid such that the nodes lying on it are painted only two colors. 102 MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS 1 – 59 34.2.7.5*. On a plane stand 7 point-size searchlights. Every searchlight illuminates an angle of 90 ◦ . If there is a searchlight in a quadrant illuminated by another searchlight, then the first one casts a shadow, a dark infinite ray. Prove that it is possible to arrange these 7 searchlights so that every one of them will cast a shadow of 7 km long; see Fig. 79. Figure 79. (Probl. 34.2.7.5) Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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