60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
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1 . Upon learning this number, Gambler suggests to Banker an arbitrary number B 1 . This ends the first move. Next, Banker either subtracts the smaller number from the greater, or adds one to the other, as he chooses, and tells the result — a number A 2 — to the Gambler. Then Gambler suggests to Banker the next number, B 2 . Banker repeats the same operation with numbers A 2 and B 2 , and so on. The game ends when Banker gets one of the following numbers: 1, 10, 100, 1000, . . . . Prove that Gambler can always end the game suggesting not more than 20 of his numbers to Banker. 34.2.10.4. A point O and n straight lines, no two of which are parallel, are given in space. We take the projections of O to all given straight lines. Each of the points obtained is projected to all straight lines again, and so on. Is there a sphere containing inside it all points obtained in such a way? 34.2.10.5*. Prove that the sum of the digits of an integer N is not more than five times the sum of the digits of 5 5 · N . (Cf. Problem 34.2.8.3). Olympiad 35 (1972) Tour 35.1 Grade 7 35.1.7.1. Prove that if positive integers a 1 , a 2 , . . . , a 17 satisfy a a 2 1 = a a 3 2 = a a 4 3 = · · · = a a 17 16 = a a 1 17 , then a 1 = a 2 = · · · = a 17 . 35.1.7.2. 1000 delegates from various countries came to a Congress. Every delegate could speak several languages and it was known that any three delegates could have a common conversation without assistance. (A delegate could serve as a translator for a pair of his colleagues.) Prove that it was possible to distribute all delegates in 500 rooms, so that in every room there were 2 delegates and they can understand each other. 35.1.7.3. Every vertex of a regular 13-gon is painted either black or white. Prove that there exist three points of the same color which are the vertices of an isosceles triangle. 35.1.7.4. Let AD and BE be medians in triangle ABC; let the angles CAD and CBE be equal to 30 ◦ . Prove that AB = BC. (See Problem 35.1.8.5.) Grade 8 35.1.8.1. There are asterisks in some of the squares of an n × n graph paper. It is known that if we strike out any set of rows (but not all of them), a column with exactly one asterisk will remain (if one does not strike out any row there still remains a column with exactly one asterisk). Prove that if one strikes out any number of columns (but not all of them), a row with exactly one asterisk will remain. 35.1.8.2. Given two identical L-shaped figures on a plane. Denote the endpoints of their shorter sides by A and A 0 and divide their longer sides into n equal parts by points a 1 , . . . , a n−1 ; a 0 1 . . . , a 0 n−1 . (We number these dividing points beginning at the free endpoints of the longer sides.) Draw the straight lines Aa 1 , Aa 2 , . . . , Aa n−1 and A 0 a 0 1 , A 0 a 0 2 , . . . , A 0 Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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