60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
Grade 10
35.1.10.1. There are n inhabitants in town Variety. Every two of them are either friends or enemies. Every day not more than 1 inhabitant may turn a new leaf: quarrel with all his friends and befriend all his enemies. The Rule of Variety says: if A is a friend of B and B is a friend of C, then A is also a friend of C. Prove that all inhabitants of the town can become friends. 35.1.10.2. Given an infinite sequence a 1 , a 2 , . . . , a n , . . . , where a 1 is an arbitrary 10-digit number and each subsequent number is obtained from the preceding one by writing any digits but 9 after it, prove that there are no fewer than two non-prime numbers in the sequence. 35.1.10.3. In tetrahedron ABCD all dihedral angles are acute and all opposite edges are equal. Find the sum of the cosines of all dihedral angles of the tetrahedron. 35.1.10.4. Consider a non-selfintersecting non-convex n-gon P and the locus T of points inside P from which one can see all the vertices of P . Prove that if T is nonempty and does not lie on one straight line, then T is a convex k-gon with k ≤ n. 35.1.10.5. See Problem 35.1.9.5. Tour 35.2 Grade 7 35.2.7.1. Consider a convex quadrilateral ABCD and point O where its diagonals meet. The perimeters of triangles 4ABO, 4BCO, 4CDO, 4ADO are equal. Prove that ABCD is a rhombus. 35.2.7.2. Four straight lines a, b, c, d are drawn on a plane. No two of them are parallel and no three of them meet at one point. It is known that a is parallel to one of the medians of the triangle formed by lines b, c, and d. Prove that b is parallel to a median of the triangle formed by lines a, c, and d. 35.2.7.3. Given twelve consecutive positive integers. Prove that at least one of them is smaller than the sum of its proper divisors. 35.2.7.4*. There are several castles in country Mara and three roads lead from every castle. A knight leaves his castle. Traveling around the country he leaves every new castle via the road that is either to the right or to the left of the one by which he arrived. According to The Rule the knight never takes the same direction (right or left) twice in a row. Prove that some day he will return to his own castle. 35.2.7.5. A straight line intersects sides AB and BC of triangle ABC at points M and K, respec- tively. Knowing that the area of triangle M BK is equal to the area of quadrilateral AM KC, prove that M B + BK AM + CA + KC ≥ 1 3 . Grade 8 35.2.8.1. See Problem 35.2.7.1. 35.2.8.2. Numbers a, b, c, d, e and f are positive integers such that a b > c d > e f and af − be = 1. Prove that d ≥ b + f . OLYMPIAD 35 (1972) 105 35.2.8.3. A town of Nikitovka had only two-way traffic. Repairs of all its streets took two years. During the first year some of the streets were turned into one-way streets. The next year the two-way traffic was reestablished on these roads whereas all other roads became one-way roads. The repairs were made under strict adherence to the following Rule: one should be able to drive from any point of the town to any other at all times during the repairs. Prove that it is possible to introduce a one-way traffic throughout Nikitovka so that one could still drive from any point of the town to any other point. 35.2.8.4. Let I(x) be the number of irreducible fractions Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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