Accounting for Managers
Cost Accounting in Action
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Accounting for Managers
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Cost Accounting in Action
139 activity selection while ABC focuses on strategic selection of products, customers, and/or distribution channels. Standard Costing The most traditional cost system in widespread use is standard costing. Standard costing charges all production costs to cost objects benchmarked to predetermined costs and quantities. These standard costs go into budget templates at the start of a year and are then compared with actual costs during the year. The difference between planned results and actual out- comes is either a favorable or unfavorable variance. Variances drive the feed- back loop used in control- ling the production processes. Managers then work to conform the process to the standard costing model. It’s important to review these standards periodically to keep them up-to-date. Since compensation and performance standards can depend on controlling variances, standard costing can be a sim- ple but powerful motivating tool. Because its main feature rec- ognizes variations from established norms, it works well with the concept of management by exception. Standard costing can be used alone or in conjunction with job-order, process, activity-based costing, or other systems. The purpose of standard costing is to have a standard cost per prod- uct, which can be viewed as a goal with which actual costs can be compared. Its primary use is to measure the favorable and unfavorable variances between actual and standard costs. Standard costing can be used for such components as direct materials, direct labor, and indirect costs. Standard costing sep- arates factory inputs, materials, labor, and overhead into two component standards, factory prices and factory quantities. Standard costing A sys- tem in which cost compo- nents are predetermined using standard costs, assuming normal operations, instead of using actual costs.The standard costs are then compared with actual costs and vari- ances are explained in terms of either price or quantity. Webster07.qxd 8/29/2003 10:22 AM Page 139 |
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