Accounting for Managers
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and forecasts. You compare with past time periods and look at
any variances that might need corrective action or improve-
ment. These results help you control, plan, and decide.
The Vocabulary of Cost Accounting
Many of the cost accounting terms are fuzzy and imprecise.You can
find them defined differently in several sources. For our purposes, we
will use the following definitions.
Cost The cash, cash equivalents, or resources spent to reach a specif-
ic objective.
Cost center A location or function of an organization where man-
agement is primarily responsible for controlling costs.
Cost drivers Output measures of resources and activities. Hours
worked drive labor wage costs. How well the top managers identify
the most appropriate cost drivers determines how well they under-
stand cost behavior and how well costs are controlled.
Cost object Any activity, item, or operation for which management
wants a separate cost measurement. Examples of cost objects are a
product, a service, a project, a customer, a brand category, a depart-
ment, or a program.
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