Management Accounting
89
Cost/Volume/Profit Analysis
If you bought this book for no other reason than this next sec-
tion, you will be well rewarded. Go into several businesses with
gross sales less than $10 million. Ask the managers or owners
what their breakeven point is. You will be lucky if you find 20%
who know it. If that is the case, you probably went into several
franchised businesses. Most franchisors stress breakeven analy-
sis. Your number will probably be around 5% or 10%.
Do you know your own business’s breakeven? If you do,
congratulations! You’ll probably also notice that the other man-
agers and owners who know their breakeven have thriving busi-
nesses too. If you do not know your breakeven, not to worry:
you are about to become a
forecasting commando.
I would pick the con-
cept of breakeven as the
single most important
business concept to grasp.
Even with its limitations,
and we’ll cover those, once
you understand that tiny
point that teeters on the margin of profit and loss, you are on
your way to becoming a master.
Now, most business owners, through experience, do get a
notion of where their breakeven is. “I have to gross around
$250,000 a year before I can start to feel comfortable,” you
might hear them say. Ask them how much they would need to
open another store, start another crew, or add a new line of
business and the answer will be less precise. For a strong and
Relevant range The range of costs through which the cost/volume/
profit relationship holds generally true. Usually, it is within two stan-
dard deviations or less.
Variable costs Costs that change in direct proportion to changes in
the cost driver. For example, wages payable vary as hours worked wax
and wane.
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