Accounting for Managers
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Accounting for Managers
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- CVP Assumptions •
- Management Accounting 93
Accounting for Managers
92 Profit before taxes 0 Less: Income taxes 0 Profit after taxes $0 Now that you understand how to calculate breakeven, you can plan for profit. What sales in units and dollars are needed to reach a target profit before taxes of $50,000? Let X = breakeven point in units. Sales = $10X Less:Variable costs = 6X Contribution margin $90,000 = $4X (Remember: CM = P + FC.) Less: Fixed costs $40,000 Profit before taxes $50,000 Therefore, $90,000 = $4X 22,500 units = X Sales in dollars = 22,500 x $10 = $225,000. Check this by completing the variable cost income statement. Sales $225,000 = 22,500 x $10 Less:Variable costs – 135,000 = 22,500 x $6 Contribution margin $90,000 Less: Fixed costs 40,000 Profit before taxes $50,000 CVP Assumptions • The behavior of gross sales revenue is linear over the relevant range. • The behavior of total costs is linear over the relevant range. • Costs can be categorized as fixed, variable, or mixed. • Capacity stays constant during the reference period. • Labor and technology productivity and market conditions do not change. • For both variable and fixed costs, sales volume is the only cost driver. • The sales mix remains constant over the relevant range. • For manufacturing firms, inventory stays the same from beginning to end of the relevant period. Webster05.qxd 8/29/2003 5:41 PM Page 92 Management Accounting 93 Let’s toss taxes into the mix. We’ll assume a tax rate of 35%. What unit and dollar sales do you need to reach a targeted after-tax profit of $30,000? Let’s set up what we know. Let X = breakeven point in units. Sales $ = $10X Less: Variable costs = 6X Contribution margin = $4X Less: Fixed costs 40,000 Profit before taxes $ Less income taxes $ Profit after taxes $30,000 To calculate profit after taxes (AFTER), start by finding the profit before taxes (BEFORE). AFTER = (1 – tax rate) x BEFORE $30,000 = (1 – .35) x BEFORE $30,000 ÷ .65 = BEFORE $46,154 = BEFORE Therefore, Sales $ = $10X Less:Variable costs = $6X Contribution margin $86,154 = $4X Less: Fixed costs 40,000 Profit before taxes $46,154 Less: Income taxes 16,154 = 35% x $46,154 Profit after taxes $30,000 $4X = $86,154 Download 3.03 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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