Accounting for Managers
Operating Leverage Cuts Both Ways
Download 3.03 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
Accounting for Managers
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Management Accounting 99
Operating Leverage Cuts Both Ways
The risk in high fixed costs is that the business must keep sales high. A small error in forecasting sales can be magnified into large errors in cash flow and threaten the existence of the firm if fixed costs can’t be covered. Smaller service and retail businesses tend to have fewer employees and so often treat payroll as a fixed cost.The owners and managers would like to avoid the turmoil, administrative, and training costs that layoffs bring. This means smaller businesses must operate efficiently with these relative- ly higher fixed costs. Insufficient cash flow (often caused by high fixed costs) and high fixed costs are the leading causes of small business failures. Webster05.qxd 8/29/2003 5:41 PM Page 98 Management Accounting 99 The result is a ratio. From our example above where we cal- culated the sales in dollars needed to hit a targeted after-tax profit of 8% of sales: degree of operating leverage = $57,761 ÷ $17,761 = 3.25 Now suppose that sales are 25% higher than projected. What is the percentage change in profits? Percentage change in profits = DOL x percentage change in sales Percentage change in profits = 3.25 x 25% = 81% Proof: Sales $144,404 Less:Variable costs 86,643 = .6 x $144,404 Contribution margin $57,761 Less: Fixed costs 40,000 Profit before taxes $17,761 Sales $180,505 Less:Variable costs 108,303 = .6 x $180,505 Contribution margin $72,202 Less: Fixed costs 40,000 Profit before taxes $32,202 Degree of operating leverage = $72,202 ¸ $32,202 = 2.24 Profit before taxes increases by 81%, $17,761 x 1.81 = $32,202 (with rounding). The DOL drops to 2.24 because the variable costs also increased. Assume now that the company buys two machines that increase fixed costs to $30,000. These same machines can cut variable costs by $.20 per unit, bringing variable costs down to $.40 per unit. Sales $180,505 Less:Variable costs 72,202 = .4 x $180,505 Contribution margin $108,303 Less: Fixed costs 70,000 Profit before taxes $38,303 Degree of operating leverage = $108,303 ÷ $38,303 = 2.83 Profit before taxes increases almost 20 % over the high- variable-cost scenario ($38,303 versus $32,202). The DOL Webster05.qxd 8/29/2003 5:41 PM Page 99 |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling