Accounting for Managers
Part could go to direct labor for mixing the lemonade. Part
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Accounting for Managers
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Part could go to direct labor for mixing the lemonade. Part could go to administrative overhead for buying the materials. Then, maybe we ought to reconsider Molly and Tom as admin- istrative overhead selling costs. Notice, by the way, that James’ costs bring breakeven sales up to $16.35 ($12.50 + $3.85), more than halfway to the maximum sales predicted of $25.00 (5 glasses x 10 buses at $.50 per glass). Recall the discussion about leverage and fixed costs. If they don’t sell more than three glasses per bus, they’re in the red. Converting Molly and Tom to variable cost items under the sell- ing overhead could make sense. One of them may have to go home if sales aren’t as brisk as planned. If you’re thinking ahead, you may have worked out that at maximum sales, Dick and Jane will gross just under $2.00 per hour. If they average only four glasses per bus, they’ll make about $.90 per hour, less than their employees. At three glass- es, they’re in the red. This business looks like it will need some sort of capital infusion until it can establish a reliable customer base. Entrepreneurs can identify with this narrow ledge separat- ing profit from loss. What do they do with any lemonade left over at the end of the day? How about cleanup costs? Will people get clean glass- es or use paper cups? How about those costs? How about equipment? James will need a knife to slice the lemons and a juicer. Also, something to heat the water to make the syrup and a pan for the syrup. Yeah, pitchers for the lemonade. Need a sign. Be nice to have someone do a cute graphic to catch peo- ple’s attention. They can call their business “Liquid Lemons.” Webster06.qxd 8/29/2003 5:48 PM Page 105 Accounting for Managers 106 Need an umbrella to shade Molly and Tom so they don’t get sunburned and have to file workers’ compensation. In the cycle of planning and decision-making, you can see that Dick and Jane are starting to put together elements for a master budget, a sales budget, a production budget, and an operating budget. For a more extensive look at budgeting, refer to Budgeting for Managers by Sid Kemp and Eric Dunbar (McGraw-Hill, 2003). I’ll only touch on some specialized aspects of budgeting when discussing variances under activity- based costing and the budget impact on profit planning. As a manager, your prime duties include asking questions about all the things that your entity needs to do the job and how much each costs. For a simple lemonade stand, Liquid Lemons shows the complications managers face when they have to con- sider and account for all the potential costs. Download 3.03 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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