Action as a part of a dramatic work

Subjective reader's retrospection

It is purely individual, since each reader perceives the text that attracted him in his own way-due to his education, cultural level, age, life experience, circle of interests, etc. The reader's attention to the previously reported information may be attracted by an originally formulated idea, an unusual form of presentation, certain stylistic techniques, some personal memories or associations, etc. The types of text that most clearly implement the idea of retrospection include the afterword, epilogue, and conclusion, which summarize what is stated in the work and draw the reader's attention to the most important events, significant details, and facts. The reader, looking back, can generalize for himself the idea of the work.

9. 
   Prospectus as a method of narration.
   

It allows the reader to look into the future and find out what awaits the characters of a literary work in the near or far future and how future events are related to the past and present. The presence in the text of the prospectus is indicated by expressions with a common meaning: "as will be said below...", "looking ahead...", "further explanation will show that...".
The writer uses the prospectus to create a tense expectation in the reader. The reader is informed about something in a limited way, in the form of a half-hint or hint. The so-called deceived expectation effect also applies to the prospectus: the reader is prepared for a certain event, but something else happens or nothing happens at all. The function of a prospectus is also performed by all kinds of pre-introductions, introductions, prologues, introductions "from the author" or "from the publisher", used in order to set up and prepare the reader for an adequate perception of the story in a certain way

10. 
    Event time and author's time
    

the author, as the Creator of the work, freely handles artistic time: for him, the story can begin at any moment, while the objective, real course of time is not destroyed. The author may or may not take part in the events depicted, and this changes the author's time. In the first case, the author's time has its own plot line and moves independently; in the second case, the author's time freezes at one point. The author can overtake the course of the story or lag behind it, so the time of events
• the author's time may differ significantly. If there is a gap between the event time and the author's time, the author usually writes about the past and uses his or someone else's memories or documents. The time of writing the text and the time of its perception coincide, in other words, the time of the author correlates with the time of the reader.
The nature of performing time is quite peculiar: it connects with the author's and reader's time. Performing time is always present, it is the time when a particular work is performed.

11. 
    Artistic time.
    

Artistic time is a sequence in the description of subjectively perceived events. This is one of the forms of representation of reality, the author's perception of time, when the temporal perspective changes in the narrative according to the author's plan. If the characteristic feature of space is things, objects, then time is expressed in the text by the sequence and development of co-being. In this regard, it is necessary to introduce the concept of contin-mind. The term "continuum", combining movement in both time and space, means a continuous flow, a constant formation of something. Signs that combine real and artistic time, which are reflected in artistic texts:
• time is filled with events;
• time is cyclical, linear, set;
• time moves from the past through the present to the future;
"time is continuous and long, and events that occur are linked to time.