Auxiliary verbs (to be, to do, to have) Present simple

8-savol
Modal verbs
1. Can (could), may (might), must, ought to, need modal fe’llar bo‘lib, mustaqil holda ishlatilmaydi, ular asosiy fe’lning infi nitivi bilan ishlati ladi va asosiy fe’l ifodalagan ish-harakatning bajarilish imkoniyatini, qobiliyatini, ehtimolligini, zarurligini bildiradi. Modal fe’llar asosiy fe’l bilan birgalikda gapda qo‘shma kesim bo‘lib keladi:

He can do it himself.
Buni uning o‘zi qila oladi.

They may come tonight.
Ular bu oqshom kelishlari mumkin.

I must speak to him.
Men u bilan gaplashishim kerak.

This work ought to be done at once.
Bu ish zudlik bilan qilinishi ke rak.

You needn’t do it.
Siz buni qilishingiz kerak emas.

2. Modal fe’llar nuqsonli fe’llar (Defective Verbs) bo‘lib, ularning bosh qa fe’llarga o‘xshash hamma shakllari yo‘q. Can va may fe’llarining hozirgi va o‘tgan zamon shakllari bor: can-could, may-might. Must, need, ought to fe’llarining faqat hozirgi zamon shakllari mavjud. Modal fe’llarning infi nitiv, sifatdosh va gerund kabi shaxsi noma’lum shakllari mavjud emas.

3. Modal fe’llardan keyin asosiy fe’l to yuklamasisiz ishlatiladi:

I can do it.
Men buni qila olaman.

You may take it.
Siz uni olishingiz mumkin.

I must go there.
Men u yerga borishim kerak

You needn’t do it.
Sizga buni qilish zarur emas.

You ought to help him.
Siz unga yordam berishingiz kerak.

4. Modal fe’llar hozirgi zamonda 3-shaxs birlikda -s qo‘shimchasini olmaydi: He can do it. U buni qila oladi. He may take it. U buni olishi mumkin. He must go there. U u yerga borishi kerak. He ought to help him. U unga yordam berishi kerak. Need he do it? U buni qilishi kerakmi?

5. Bo‘lishsiz gaplar yasashda modal fe’ldan keyin not inkor yukla masi qo‘yiladi: You may not take it. He must not go there. He ought not to help him. He need not do it. Og‘zaki nutqda bo‘lishsiz shakl ko‘pincha qisqarib ketadi:

cannot = can’t
could not = couldn’t
may not = mayn’t
might not = mightn’t
must not = mustn’t
ought not = oughtn’t
need not = needn’t

6. So‘roq gaplar yasashda modal fe’llar gapdagi eganing oldiga qo‘yiladi: Can you do it? May I take it? Must he go there? Ought he to help him? Need he do it?

Modal fe’llar (Modal Verbs) fe’lning asosiy shakli (infi nitive) bilan birga keladi va asosiy fe’l ifodalagan ish-harakatning sodir bo‘lish imkoniyatini, ehtimolligini, zaruratini, xohishni bildiradi. Ularga can, may, must, ought to, need kiradi. Modal fe’llar fe’lning asosiy shakli bilan gapda qo‘shma fe’l-kesim bo‘lib keladi:

He can read German.
U nemischa o‘qiy oladi.

I must do it at once.
Men buni zudlik bilan qilishim kerak

You may come soon.
Siz tezda kelishingiz mumkin.

You ought to help him.
Siz unga yordam berishingiz kerak.

You needn’t go there.

Siz u yerga bormasangiz ham bo‘ladi