Boshlang'ich sinflarda matematika o'qitish metodikasi
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200 + 20 = 220 . 3. O ra liq n a tija la r x o tira d a s a q la n a d i. 4 . H is o b la s h la r h a r x il u s u lla r b ila n b a ja rilis h i m u m k in . M a sa la n , 2 6 - 1 2 = 2 6 • ( 1 0 + 2 ) = 2 6 - 1 0 + 2 6 - 2 = 2 6 0 + 2 5 2 = 3 1 2 : 2 6 - 12 = ( 2 0 + 6 ) - 12 = 2 0 - 1 2 + 6 • 12 = 2 4 0 + 7 2 = 3 1 2 ; 2 6 - 12 = 2 6 - ( 3 • 4 ) = (2 6 • 3 ) • 4 = 7 8 - 4 = 3 1 2 . 5. A m a lla r 10 v a 100, e n g ilr o q h o lla r d a 10 0 0 ic h id a v a k o ‘p x o n a li s o n la r u s tid a h is o b la s h la m in g o g ‘z a k i u s u lla rid a n fo y d a la n ib b a ja rila d i. M a s a la n : 5 4 0 2 4 :6 = 9 0 0 4 . 179 Y o z m a h is o b la s h la r: 1. H is o b la s h la r y o z m a b a ja rila d i. y o z m a h is o b la s h la r d a y e c h i- m in i y o z is h u stu n q ilib b a ja rila d i. M a sa la n : 2 7 6 + 186 4 3 2 2 4 8 7 0 8 4 3 4 2. H is o b la s h la r q u y i x o n a b irlik la rid a n b o s h la n a d i ( y o z m a boM ish b u n d a n m u sta sn o ). _ 7 1 9 _ 2 8 6 3 1 5 114 4 0 4 172 3. O ra liq n a tija la r d a rh o l y o z ila d i. 4. H is o b la s h la r o ‘m a tilg a n q o id a la r b o ‘y ic h a , sh u b ila n b ir g a b itta y a g o n a u su l b ila n b a ja rila d i.M a s a la n : 2 4 2 16 1452 3 4 6 14 24 2 + 1384 3 4 6 3 8 7 2 4 8 4 4 1000 ic h id a v a k o ‘p x o n a li s o n la r u s tid a a m a lla r h is o b la s h la m in g y o z m a u s u lla r id a n fo y d a la n ib b a ja rila d i. M a sa la n : 3 9 1 2 36 31 2 8 3 2 3 2 0 97 8 2 4 1 5 21 31 28 35 35 0 345 B a ’z i m is o lla m i o g ‘z a k i h a m , y o z m a h a m y e c h is h m u m k in . B u h o lla r d a o ‘q u v c h ila r y e c h im la m i ta q q o s la b a rif m e tik a m a lla m in g m a z m u n in i v a s o n la r u s tid a b a ja rila y o tg a n a m a lla r m a z m u n in i y a x sh i tu s h u n ib o la d ila r. 180 « Q ‘n l i k » m a v z u s i d a a r i f m e t i k a m a l l a r n i o ‘ r g a n i s h 1 0 i c h i d a q o ‘s h i s h v a a y i r i s h U s h b u m a v z u u s tid a is h la s h d a o ‘q itu v c h i o ld id a tu rg a n a s o s iy m a q s a d la r q u y id a g ila rd a n ib o rat: 1 ) o ‘q u v c h ila m i q o ‘sh is h v a a y iris h a m a lla rin in g m a z m u n i b ila n ta n is h tiris h ; 2 ) h is o b la s h u s u lla rid a n o ‘q u v c h ila m in g o n g li fo y d a la n is h la rin i t a ’m in la sh : a) “sonni qismlari bo 'yicha (bittalab yoki guruhlab) qo ‘shish va ayirish ” usuli; b) ikkita sonni y ig ‘indining o'rin almashtirish xossasidan fo y dalanib qo ‘shish usuli; d) sonlam i ayirishda (masalan, 8-5) qo ‘shishning tegishli holini (8=5+3) bilishdan yoki у ig'indi va qo ‘shiluvchilardan biri b o ‘yicha ikkinchi qo'shiluvchini topish malakasidan foydalaniladigan holda у ig'indi bilan qo'shiluvchilar orasidagi bog'lanishlarni bilishga asoslangan ayirish usuli. 3 ) 10 ic h id a q o ‘s h is h v a a y iris h k o ‘n ik m a m a la k a la rin i s h a k lla n tir is h (y o d o lis h g a y e tk a z is h ), 10 ic h id a q o ‘s h is h v a a y iris h n i o ‘r g a n is h is h in i o ‘z a ro b o g M a n g an b ir n e c h ta b o s q ic h g a boM ish m u m k in : I bosqich. T a y y o r g a rlik b o sq ic h i: Q o ‘s h is h v a a y iris h a m a lla r in in g a n iq m a z m u n in i o c h is h ; a+1 k o ’r in is h d a g i q o ‘sh is h v a a y iris h h o lla ri. R a q a m la s h n i o ‘rg a n is h ja r a y o n id a b irin c h i o ‘n lik d a g i h a r b ir s o n o ‘z id a n o ld in g i s o n g a b im i q o ‘s h is h d a n h o s il boM ishi y o k i o ‘z id a n k e y in g i s o n d a n b im i a y iris h yoMi b ila n h o s il boM ishi b o la ia r o n g ig a y e tk a z ilg a n e d i, b u b o la la rg a s o n la m in g q a to rd a g i ta rtib in i o ‘sis h b o ‘y ic h a h a m o ‘z la s h tiris h im k o n in i b e ra d i. 10 ic h id a q o ‘s h is h v a a y iris h n i o ‘r g a n is h g a b a g M sh lan g a n d a r s d a b o la ia r o lg a n b ilim la rin i u m u m la s h tiris h k e ra k , u m u m la s h ti- r is h a s o s id a a +1 v a a -1 k o ‘rin is h d a g i h o lla r u c h u n ja d v a ll a r tu z ila d i v a b u ja d v a ll a m i b o la ia r tu s h u n ib o lis h la ri v a x o tira d a sa q la s h la ri k e r a k B irin c h i d a rs d a n y o q ( 1 - 1 = 0 v a 0+1 = 1) k o ‘r in is h d a g i q o ‘s h is h v a a y iris h x o lla ri q a ra la d i. 181 II bosqich. a + 2 , a + 3 , a + 4 k o lr in is h d a g i h o lla r u c h u n h is o b la s h u s u lla ri b ila n ta n is h is h . B u k o ‘r in is h d a g i h o la tla r u c h u n , ta x m in a n , b ir x il q u id a g ic h a r e ja tu z ib is h la s h m u m k in : 1. Y a n g i m a te ria ln i o ‘rg a n is h g a ta y y o rg a rlik s ifa tid a s o n la m in g ik k i q o ‘s h ilu v c h id a n ib o ra t ta rk ib in in g m o s h o lla ri v a q o ‘sh is h h a m d a a y iris h n in g o ‘r g a n ilg a n ja d v a l h o lla ri ta k ro rla n a d i. a + 4 h o l- la rig a d o ir u s u lla m i q a ra s h d a n o ld in 4 s o n in in g ta rk ib i a + 1 , a + 2 , a+ 3 h o lla ri ta k ro rla n a d i. 2. M o s h is o b la s h u su li (s o n n i q is m la ri b o ‘y ic h a q o ‘s h is h v a a y iris h u s u lla r i) b ila n ta n is h is h . 3. Y a n g i b ilim la m i m u s ta h k a m la s h v a b u b ilim la m i h a r x il v a z i- y a tla r d a qoM lash. 4. Q o ‘s h is h s o n la rin in g ta rk ib i v a a y iris h n in g m o s h o lla r ig a t o ‘g ‘ri k e la d ig a n ja d v a l h o lla rin i o n g li o ‘z la s h tiris h v a e s la b q o lis h g a d o ir ish lar. H is o b la s h u s u lla rin i m u s ta h k a m la s h u c h u n 2 n i q o ‘s h is h v a a y irish b ila n b o g ‘liq boM gan m is o lla r v a m a s a la la r o g ‘z a k i v a y o z m a u s u ld a y e c h ila d i, 2 ta la b q o ‘sh is h v a 2 ta la b a y iris h g a d o ir m a s h q la r b a ja rila d i. B u y e rd a q u y id a g ila rg a o ‘x s h a s h m a s h q la r h a m o ‘rin li: 1. H is o b la s h n i d a v o m e ttirin g : 6 + 2 = 6 + 1 + 1.... 2. N u q ta la r o ‘m ig a “ k a tta ” y o k i “ k ic h ik ” b e lg is in i q o ‘y in g : 2 Download 7.79 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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