grammatical ability.
A detailed account of the development of the construct of grammar is
provided.
In terms of designing test tasks to assess
grammatical ability,
Purpura (2004) devotes
considerable time to task design and development. More practical infonnation on designing
tasks and the negative and positive aspects of individual task types can be found in Hughes
(2007). Although not directly related to the testing of grammar, Weir
(
2005) examines
the potential effects of test method on
theory
T
based i•a/idity
and di
s
cus
s
es techniques for
assessing the main skills.
Finally, it is worth mentioning that the handbooks that accompany language tests
within the Cambridge ESOL suite of examinations are available in print and online (www.
cambridgeesol.org). These are extremely useful inasmuch as they offer us a clear idea of
249
250
Wayne Jones
the theories underpinning the assessment of constructs such as grammar in examinations,
such as the previously mentioned PET and KET.
PRACTICAL APPLICATION
Let us now return to a number of grammar
-
related issues raised earlier as regards the
importance of grammar;
constru
c
t definition and the need to consider both grammatical
form and grammati
c
al meaning; whether or not we need to explicitly test grammar; and the
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