Country Background Report – Denmark
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10932 OECD Country Background Report Denmark
Tasks of the municipalities
• Social services: Financing, supply and authority • Child care • The Danish Folkeskole, including special education and special pedagogical assistance for small children • Eldercare • Healthcare: Prevention, care, rehabilitation outside hospitals, special dental care and dental care at schools, home care and social psychiatry • Libraries, music schools, local sports facilities and other cultural sites • Integration and language lessons for immigrants • Support services: Unemployment insurance, early retirement benefits, cash benefits and sickness benefits • The active employment effort for both insured and non-insured unemployed people • The local road network • Participation in regional transport companies • Nature, environment and planning • The utility sector (partly privatised) and emergency services • Local business service and promotion of tourism • Citizen service regarding taxes and collection in cooperation with the state tax centres. Tasks of the regions • Hospital service, psychiatry and the National Health Service, including general practitioners and specialists • In addition: o Regional development, including secretarial services for regional growth forums o Soil pollution and raw materials o Operation of a number of institutions for vulnerable groups and groups with special needs who require social services and special education 24 State tasks • Police, defence and the legal system • The foreign service and official development assistance • Overall planning in the healthcare sector • Education and research, except primary schools, lower secondary schools and special education • The Danish Working Environment Service and the employment policy • Tax collection etc. and recovery of debts to the public sector • Reimbursements of local government expenditure for unemployment insurance • Early retirement benefits and cash benefits • The road network and the Danish state railways • Nature, environment and planning tasks • Certain cultural measures • Business economy subsidies • Reception of asylum applicants. Generally, the tasks are allocated to the municipalities and the regions by statute. Basi- cally, municipalities and regions cannot carry out any trade or industry. There are also narrow limits when it comes to granting financial support to individuals and enterpris- es (The Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Interior 2014b). As part of the 2007 reform, the responsibility for upper secondary education (Gymna- siums) was transferred from the regional to the national level. As vocational education was already a state task, the responsibility for all upper secondary and vocational edu- cation activities after 2007 lies with the national level. Upper secondary and vocational schools generally have the status of self-governing institutions. Regarding primary and lower secondary education, the municipalities after the 2007 reform have the full financial and professional responsibility for both normal and spe- cial needs education. The economic rationale underlying this part of the reform was to enable a more economically balanced and effective use of school resources by having one political body making simultaneous decisions on allocation of resources to both normal and special needs education. Political authority in the municipalities lies with the municipal board, consisting of 9 to 31 councillors. The councillors are elected for a fixed four-year term on the basis of a proportional voting system. The head of the council is the mayor elected by and among the local councillors. The financial crisis in 2008 and national budgetary sanctions from 2011 A financial crisis hit Denmark and most other countries in the Western world in 2008. It was followed by increased unemployment and pressure on public finances, due to 25 increasing expenditures for social and employment activities combined with reduced growth in tax income etc. As illustrated in Figure 1.2, Figure 1.3 and Figure 1.4, in Denmark GDP growth dropped significantly from 2008 to 2009, unemployment in- creased and the structural budget balance of the public sector shifted from positive to negative. Download 1.6 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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