Country Background Report – Denmark
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10932 OECD Country Background Report Denmark
The Aim of the Folkeskole
According to preamble in the Folkeskole Act, the Folkeskole is to have a broad scope. Broadly, the aim of the Folkeskole is, in cooperation with the parents, to provide stu- dents with knowledge and skills that will prepare them for further education, training and learning. The Folkeskole is to promote the all-round development of the individual student. It is also to provide the student with skills and understanding that will enable him or her to participate, be co-responsible and understand the rights and duties in a democratic society. 45 The Folkeskole is to strive towards working methods and create a framework that pro- vides opportunities for in-depth study and allows for initiatives through which students are able to develop an awareness of their imagination and confidence in their own pos- sibilities. Common Objectives. According to national statute, all schools are to share a common aim and apply stand- ard requirements concerning the subjects offered at specific form levels. Moreover, they are to follow the nationally imposed study and attainment targets and the regula- tions concerning the leadership and organisation of the school system (The Ministry of Education 2008: 2). As a result, all municipal primary and lower secondary schools share a standard regulation – the so-called Common Objectives. The Common Objec- tives for the subjects taught specify the central knowledge and skills students are to acquire at different form levels in each subject. Common Objectives such as study and attainment targets were introduced in 2003. From 2007, they were supplemented with the introduction of national tests that follow up on the attainment of the targets, see also the next section. Overall, the targets specify the skill level and learning progres- sion of the students. Attainment targets at the end of basic education are also defined at the national level, cf. the compulsory school leaving examinations after the 9 th form. The study and attainment targets are compulsory, as standardised rules apply for all exams. Furthermore, guidelines for curricula and descriptions of the educational progress re- quired in order to reach the form level specified in the study targets are provided. However, no tight curriculum exists at the national level. The national curricula are instructive, as are the descriptions of how to reach the targets. In drawing up their cur- ricula, schools are required to incorporate the study and attainment targets. With the reform of 2014, the common objectives have been reduced, clarified and sim- plified, with the intention of ensuring that the learning objectives focus on the stu- dents’ learning (outcome) rather than on the content of the lessons (input). The clarifi- cation will help school leaders, parents – including the parental representatives of the school board – and students to better understand the objectives, in order for them to become active partners in relation to improving their own academic achievement. Fur- thermore, it is to assist teachers and the school in shifting to a more goal-oriented ap- proach to teaching. The objectives for academic development in the Danish school system are now to be estimated based on the students’ results in the national tests. Thus, it is possible to fol- low students’ progression in Danish in the 2 nd , 4 th , 6 th and 8 th form and in Maths in the 3 rd and 6 th form. The objectives will be estimated at the national level, municipal level, school level, form level and for the individual student. They are intended to be a key element in the follow-up to be addressed at all levels of the system of basic education. 46 Thus, with the reform larger emphasis is put on performance measures, including na- tional performance measures of academic performance and well-being of Danish stu- dents. With regard to the well-being of Danish students, a survey tool has, as men- tioned above, been developed by the Ministry of Education. The tool measures the well-being of students. National testing As a part of the process of evaluating the students’ learning outcomes, a range of man- datory national tests have been introduced, as mentioned above. By assessing the progression and standard achievement of students in relation to the study and attain- ment targets, teaching can be planned according to the individual student’s strengths, weaknesses and potentials to a greater extent. The first tests were introduced in 2007. At this time, it was not compulsory for schools to use the national test. As of 2010, it became compulsory for all schools to take part in the yearly national test. Students must complete the following tests: • Danish, with a focus on reading in the 2 nd , 4 th , 6 th and 8 th form • English in the 7 th form • Mathematics in the 3 rd and 6 th form • Geography in the 8 th form • Biology in 8 th form • Physics/Chemistry in the 8 th form. The tests are computer based and adaptive, meaning that they are continuously adapted to the individual student. If a student answers a question incorrectly, they are given an easier question; if the student answers correctly, they are given a more difficult ques- tion. In this way, it is assured that the tests provide an accurate picture of each stu- dent’s academic level. The test is one of a number of pedagogical tools available for teachers to assist the evaluation, development and planning of their teaching (The Ministry of Education 2008: 4). The results are also used for guiding the individual student and will addition- ally be beneficial for improving cooperation with parents. The parents are therefore informed in writing about the results of the tests. Use of test results and publication of results Information concerning test results for individual students, groups of students, teams, classes, schools, municipalities and regions etc. are confidential. To elaborate, the student, parent and teacher have access to information about the individual student’s test results. The school leader has information about the school’s test results, and the municipality has information about the average score of the schools in the municipality 47 and the average test results for each school. At the national level, the national average test result for all schools is published and made available to the public, see Table 2.7. Download 1.6 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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