Economic Growth Second Edition
Properties of the CES Production Function
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BarroSalaIMartin2004Chap1-2
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- 1.2 Forms of technological progress.
- 1.3 Dependence of the saving rate, population growth rate, and depreciation rate on the capital intensity.
1.5.4
Properties of the CES Production Function The elasticity of substitution is a measure of the curvature of the isoquants. The slope of an isoquant is d L d K isoquant = − ∂ F( · )/∂ K ∂ F( · )/∂ L The elasticity is given by ∂(Slope) ∂(L/K ) · L /K Slope −1 For the CES production function shown in equation (1.64), the slope of the isoquant is −(L/K ) 1 −ψ · a · b ψ /[(1 − a) · (1 − b) ψ ] and the elasticity is 1 /(1 − ψ), a constant. To compute the limit of the production function as ψ approaches 0, use equation (1.64) to get lim ψ→0 [log (Y )] = log(A) + 0/0, which involves an indeterminate form. Apply Growth Models with Exogenous Saving Rates 81 l’Hˆopital’s rule to get lim ψ→0 [log (Y )] = log(A) + a (bK ) ψ · log(bK ) + (1 − a) · [(1 − b) · L] ψ · log[(1 − b) · L] a · (bK ) ψ + (1 − a) · [(1 − b) · L] ψ ψ=0 = log(A) + a · log(bK ) + (1 − a) · log[(1 − b) · L] It follows that Y = ˜AK a L 1 −a , where ˜ A = Ab a · (1 − b) 1 −a . That is, the CES production function approaches the Cobb–Douglas form as ψ tends to zero. 1.6 Problems 1.1 Convergence. a. Explain the differences among absolute convergence, conditional convergence, and a reduction in the dispersion of real per capita income across groups. b. Under what circumstances does absolute convergence imply a decline in the dispersion of per capita income? 1.2 Forms of technological progress. Assume that the rate of exogenous technological progress is constant. a. Show that a steady state can coexist with technological progress only if this progress takes a labor-augmenting form. What is the intuition for this result? b. Assume that the production function is Y = F[B(T ) · K , A(t) · L], where B(t) = e zt and A (T ) = e xt , with z ≥ 0 and x ≥ 0. Show that if z > 0 and a steady state exists, the production function must take the Cobb–Douglas form. 1.3 Dependence of the saving rate, population growth rate, and depreciation rate on the capital intensity. Assume that the production function satisfies the neoclassical properties. a. Why would the saving rate, s, generally depend on k? (Provide some intuition; the precise answer will be given in chapter 2.) b. How does the speed of convergence change if s (k) is an increasing function of k? What if s (k) is a decreasing function of k? Consider now an AK technology. c. Why would the saving rate, s, depend on k in this context? d. How does the growth rate of k change over time depending on whether s (k) is an increasing or decreasing function of k? 82 Chapter 1 e. Suppose that the rate of population growth, n, depends on k. For an AK technology, what would the relation between n and k have to be in order for the model to predict convergence? Can you think of reasons why n would relate to k in this manner? (We analyze the determination of n in chapter 9.) f. Repeat part e in terms of the depreciation rate, δ. Why might δ depend on k? Download 0.79 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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