Economic Growth Second Edition
Effects of a higher saving rate
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BarroSalaIMartin2004Chap1-2
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- 1.5 Factor shares.
- 1.6 Distortions in the Solow–Swan model (based on Easterly, 1993).
1.4 Effects of a higher saving rate.
Consider this statement: “Devoting a larger share of national output to investment would help to restore rapid productivity growth and rising living standards.” Under what conditions is the statement accurate? 1.5 Factor shares. For a neoclassical production function, show that each factor of pro- duction earns its marginal product. Show that if owners of capital save all their income and workers consume all their income, the economy reaches the golden rule of capital accumulation. Explain the results. 1.6 Distortions in the Solow–Swan model (based on Easterly, 1993). Assume that output is produced by the CES production function, Y = a F K η F + a I K η I ψ/η + a G K ψ G 1 /ψ where Y is output; K F is formal capital, which is subject to taxation; K I is informal capital, which evades taxation; K G is public capital, provided by government and used freely by all producers; a F , a I , a G > 0; η < 1; and ψ < 1. Installed formal and informal capital differ in their location and form of ownership and, therefore, in their productivity. Output can be used on a one-for-one basis for consumption or gross investment in the three types of capital. All three types of capital depreciate at the rate δ. Population is constant, and technological progress is nil. Formal capital is subject to tax at the rate τ at the moment of its installation. Thus, the price of formal capital (in units of output) is 1 + τ. The price of a unit of informal capital is one. Gross investment in public capital is the fixed fraction s G of tax revenues. Any unused tax receipts are rebated to households in a lump-sum manner. The sum of investment in the two forms of private capital is the fraction s of income net of taxes and transfers. Existing private capital can be converted on a one-to-one basis in either direction between formal and informal capital. a. Derive the ratio of informal to formal capital used by profit-maximizing producers. b. In the steady state, the three forms of capital grow at the same rate. What is the ratio of output to formal capital in the steady state? c. What is the steady-state growth rate of the economy? d. Numerical simulations show that, for reasonable parameter values, the graph of the growth rate against the tax rate, τ, initially increases rapidly, then reaches a peak, and Growth Models with Exogenous Saving Rates 83 finally decreases steadily. Explain this nonmonotonic relation between the growth rate and the tax rate. Download 0.79 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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