The past tense
The past tense has a closer link to past time than the present tense does to present
time. It refers to single or repeated events that are distinct from the present:
Shakespeare wrote Macbeth.
I walked the dog every day.
It is typical in stories:
Then the wolf jumped out of the bed . . .
It is associated with specific times so it is the default choice if there is an adverbial
(see A8) referring to a completed past time:
My sister graduated in 2008.
I hated French when I was at school.
Other forms can, of course, refer to past time. See below for discussions of the use
of the (present) perfect (I have done it), and of the difference between simple and
progressive forms. The use of the past tense in reported speech is covered in B12.
There are only a few idiomatic exceptions where the past does not refer to past
time, but to the present or future:
after expressions such as
❏
would rather, it’s time and the verb wish:
It’s time we went.
Referring to hypothetical events in conditionals:
❏
If we left tomorrow, we would still arrive on time.
There is one more situation where the past tense does not refer to past time.
Think about wanted in this example:
Excuse me, Professor, do you have a moment? I wanted to ask you a
question.
Is it really past in time? Could the professor say ‘Oh, you wanted to ask
me a question, but you don’t now,’ and walk away? What is the difference
between want and wanted here? Can you see any connection between
this use of the past tense, and past-time reference of the past tense? What
does it have in common with examples where the past tense does indicate
past time?
✪
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |