English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
Download 1.74 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
The progressive aspect
Leaving aside the future use (as discussed in A5; see also D5), progressive forms are often said to refer to a lasting or continuous state or activity: He’s standing outside the door. I was talking about something else. She’s been speaking for 45 minutes. However, we need to recognise that simple verb forms can also refer to lasting states. For example I live in Paris. appears to be more ‘lasting’ than I’m living in Paris. which suggests a temporary state. There are other problems with the idea of duration or continuity, as with these examples: He’s been ringing me all day. You’ve been telling lies. Here, rather than a continuous action we are more likely to give an ‘iterative’ (or ‘repeated’) interpretation. But this has little to do with the aspect; it is more to do with the semantic nature of the verb; ‘ringing’ and ‘telling lies’ are things we do in short bursts, not over long periods, whereas by contrast She’s been walking all day could be continuous, because of the nature of walking. Rather than focusing on a period of time, what the progressive does is focus on a point (the present or past, as specified by the tense) within a period of time. It says ‘think about the action at a certain point in time, but don’t forget the time before and after’. Thus the progressive aspect often has the idea of dropping the reader or listener into something in progress, bringing an activity to life, making it more ‘vivid’: We jumped into the water and a moment later we were being carried downstream. It would be perfectly possible to say we were carried downstream, as a completed action, but the progressive form tries to make the reader picture the activity in progress. So with the above examples (I live in Paris / I’m living in Paris), the latter tries to make the ‘living’ more an activity than a state, hence its shorter duration. TERMINOLOGY You will have noticed that I have used the term ‘progressive’ instead of ‘continuous’ to describe these verb forms, even though the latter is more common in some circles. This is because I feel that ‘progressive’ is a better term, because ‘continuous’ could be misleading. We have seen a number of situations where an action is not continuous, or where a simple form could be used for something ‘continuous’. |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling