English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
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English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
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- Zero determiner
Membership problems
Even if one does accept the existence of determiners as a distinct class of words, there are several problems with delineating its membership. Beyond what may be called D E T E R M I N E R S : A C L A S S A PA R T 201 the ‘prototypical’ determiners alluded to above, there are cases of a more borderline nature. I will only mention a few briefly below: open classes, e.g. cardinal and ordinal numbers and multipliers ( ❏ twice, three times, etc.). Semantically, all that distinguishes them from the quantifiers is that they refer to specific amounts. However, they come later in the noun phrase, after postdeterminers (see below) words like ❏ same, next, latter etc., which semantically would seem to be more like adjectives but which syntactically have something in common with postdeter- miners (see below) in that they can precede numerals. There is an (unwritten) assumption in the analysis of determiners that they cannot be discontinuous; thus, if numerals are determiners, so is anything that can precede them. They lived together for the next three years. the Saxon genitive, which structurally and referentially does the same job as ❏ possessive determiners. Mother’s cooking was horrible. Zero determiner One particular problem of membership concerns the so-called ‘zero article’, which is said to ‘occur’ in positions when neither definite or indefinite article nor other determiner is present. The concept of ‘the presence of nothing’ as opposed to ‘the absence of anything’ is a common one in linguistics, and in this case it allows linguists to say that all nouns have a determiner (if they do not have one, how can they be said to refer to anything?). Most scholarly grammarians have advocated the acceptance of this as a third article (strictly speaking, it should be called ‘zero determiner’). However, there is some disagreement about where it operates. For Christophersen (1939), for example, it operates in all situations where a noun phrase lacks a determiner. Quirk et al. (1985:246), on the other hand, make a distinction between the zero article, as in: I like music. and no article with proper nouns, which can be said to incorporate their own determiner: I like Sid. Another way of looking at proper nouns is to say that they do not need determiners to refer. Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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