A5.3 The ‘future tense’
So far we have seen two tenses: past and present. How many other tenses
are there in English?
Look at the verb forms below. Which refer to future time? What is the
difference in meaning between them? (i.e. what meaning do they have in
addition to ‘future’?)
1. You will do as you are told.
2. The train leaves in 15 minutes.
3. I’m seeing him tonight. I’ll tell him then.
4. They’re going to sell their house.
5. (knock on door) That’ll be Yoyo.
Not all of the forms above exclusively refer to the future. If we say it’s raining or
it rains then the time reference is normally present or general. If we compare it’s
going to rain with it’ll rain, in the latter, there is a personal element involved:
promise or prediction, while the former suggests the speaker is looking at dark
clouds.
So we can offer the following reasons why there is no future tense in English:
tense in English (present/past) is marked by inflections; if we wanted to ‘invent’
❏
a future tense we would need to take -ll and attach it to the end of verbs: ‘it
rain’ll’
will
❏
and shall grammatically belong with the modal auxiliaries (see B6)
will
❏
doesn’t always refer to future time, and when it does, there is always another
meaning, e.g. prediction, command or promise
though
❏
will is very frequent, other forms have as good a claim to be a future
tense, e.g. be going to. (See the reading in D5.)
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