Green Capitals "in the Hearts and Minds of the People"
Reflections on data collection
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GreenCapitalsintheHeartsandMindsofthePeople
Reflections on data collection
The literature on elite interviews highlights an extensive range of factors that can influence the outcomes of an interview, focusing on those that structure the difference between the interviewer and the interviewee in terms of power (gender, ethnicity, social position…) and how to overcome their constraints in order to get meaningful answers (Harvey, 2010; Lancaster, 2015). Entire debates discuss how different locations, interview channels and behaviours of the interviewer can facilitate a better outcome (Harvey, 2010; Petkov & Kaoullas, 2016). Lately, the assumption that there is a power asymmetry between the researcher and elite members that favours the latter has been questioned in the literature. Mason-Bish (2018) call it an “elite delusion” when a researcher finds out that the fact elite members are inaccessible and knowledgeable turns out to be a myth when it comes to doing the interviews. When reflecting on the interviews based on these inputs from the literature, two significant context factors come to mind. The first one is internal to the research and is related to elite delusion. The author has worked as an intern for one year in a municipality, and this 31 background left a vivid impression of how busy the agendas of municipal officials are, and how difficult it is to arrange a meeting with them even for one who works in their same office. This experience caused the invitations to be sent before the analytical framework of the research was complete, as it was expected that, if any official responded, the interview would be fixed many weeks later, when the framework would be ready. What happened was that most officials responded extremely quickly, and they wanted to fix the interview as soon as possible, making it a matter of days instead of weeks. As a consequence, the interviews had to be carried out before the analytical framework was ready, which allowed for no refinement of the basic questionnaire. It was indeed a case of elite delusion, i.e. a case in which assuming that the interviewees were inaccessible brought to an action that influenced the development of the entire research. The second context factors was external to the research, and it was one that severely constrained the range of possible actions in managing the way interviews were carried out. The data collection has taken place during the height of Covid-19 pandemic in Europe in spring 2020. This means that almost all countries were in lockdown, and travels were greatly restricted. In a way, this made remote interviews an obligation rather than an option, and no face-to-face interviews could be carried out as a consequence. Human contact has been deemed crucial to gather data in qualitative research, which has often brought much criticism on telephone interviews (Novick, 2008). As to video calls, which were used in all interviews of this research, the literature is much less critical, because they greatly facilitate access while allowing to also record non-verbal communication (Harvey, 2010). The access benefits are quite evident in this research, which would not have been possible without video calls technologies. As to the fact that most of the interviewees were in lockdown in their houses, this might also have facilitated access to some of them. A couple of them mentioned that it was because of the lockdown that they had enough time for an interview. While it will be a matter of academic inquiry whether the lockdown facilitated participation in interviews, once again the background of the researcher in municipal work brings to think that this research could have been helped by the fact of taking place during an extraordinary period. One thing that has already been discussed in the literature are the benefits of interviewing people in their house, which is the location where they can feel more at ease (Harvey, 2010). As this was the case in apparently all the interviews of this research, this benefit could have played a role. People looked quite at ease when talking about the EGCA and the work related to it. Even when it came to criticise the administration itself or to talk about the challenges that were faced, no real shame or restraint was visible. One of the interviewees from Cagliari 32 even underlined the fact that he was speaking in a very frank and straightforward way, and if he had to write down all that he would do so in other terms. All in all, then, the fact this research took place during the Covid-19 peak might not have been so detrimental as one could expect from the extent and gravity of that crisis. Indeed, the access to the highest levels of administration, such as mayors and aldermen, was often deemed impossible by some interviewees because of the attention the crisis called for. It cannot be excluded that it would have been difficult to get access to such people even in regular times, in any case. As to the interviewees, tiny hints to the crisis can be found, but no real issue stemming from it that could influence the results of the interview was ever mentioned. These two factors make the result of this research quite context-specific. The Covid-19 crisis is an especially unique and unprecedented phenomenon whose impact on social research will have to be assessed. Elite delusion, at least at the individual level, is also something that can be expected to happen so unexpectedly only once in a researcher’s career (Mason-Bish, 2018). Since these two factors have been decisive in influencing the instruments that were used to carry out the data collection and the conditions in which it took place, one cannot say that all went as planned from the beginning in this research. Nevertheless, the accounts that have been collected are quite rich and informal, which could mean that even in these unusual circumstances the main goal of getting insights on the EGCA from the perspective of municipal officials has been reached. The last section of this chapter relates the methods that have been used to analyse and interpret the data gathered through the interviews. Download 0.67 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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