Document Outline - CONTENTS
- PREFACE OF THE DIRECTOR - GENERAL OF UNESCO
- DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
- MEMBERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE (from 1980 to 1993)
- MEMBERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE (since 1993)
- LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
- INTRODUCTION
- CONTINUITY AND CHANGE
- THE STATES OF CENTRAL ASIA
- Introduction
- The new political and strategic situation
- The emirate of Bukhara
- The khanate of Khiva
- The khanate of Kokand
- The principalities
- The parameters of Russian expansion
- The fate of Tashkent
- The end of the campaigns
- The campaign against Khiva
- British reactions to the Khiva expedition
- The end of the Kokand protectorate
- Campaigns against the Turkmens
- The surrender of Merv and the Afghan question
- TRADE AND THE ECONOMY(SECOND HALF OF NINETEENTH CENTURY TO EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY)
- Introduction
- The agrarian question
- Infrastructure
- Manufacturing and trade
- Transforming societies
- Conclusion
- SOCIAL STRUCTURES IN CENTRAL ASIA
- Settled populations in the oases
- The nomadic population
- Impact of Russian rule
- The religious establishment
- Water administrators
- Artisans
- Slaves
- THE BRITISH IN CENTRAL ASIA
- FROM THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY TO 1918
- Iran
- Afghanistan
- Kashgharia
- FROM 1918 TO THE MID-TWENTIETH CENTURY
- The strategic context
- TSARIST RUSSIA AND CENTRAL ASIA
- Administration
- Economic development
- Banking and foreign capital
- Relations with Islam
- Scientific interest in Central Asia
- Jadidism
- ESTABLISHMENT OF SOVIET POWER IN CENTRAL ASIA ( 1917 -- 24)
- INTELLECTUAL AND POLITICAL FERMENT
- The role of religion
- Intellectuals and poets among the nomadic peoples
- Intellectuals and poets among the oasis peoples
- The new generation of Jadids
- Pan-Turkism
- Impact of the Jadids
- POLITICAL CHANGES AND STATE FORMATION
- THE EVOLUTION OF NATION-STATES
- From the 1850s to the 1920s
- From the 1920s to the 1990s
- Conclusion
- UZBEKISTAN
- KAZAKHSTAN
- The tsarist period
- The Alash movement
- Soviet history
- Prior to independence
- Independence
- KYRGYZSTAN
- The Kyrgyz under Russian colonial rule (1850--1917)
- Soviet Kyrgyzstan (1917--91)
- Economic developments
- Population and social developments
- Afterword
- TAJIKISTAN
- Political history
- Economic and social development
- Culture and science
- Independence
- TURKMENISTAN
- Political developments (1850--60)
- The Russian conquest
- The Soviet era
- THE SAYAN - ALTAI MOUNTAIN REGION AND SOUTH- EASTERN SIBERIA
- Khakassia
- Tuva
- Altai
- Buriatia
- MONGOLIA
- MONGOLIA FROM THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TO 1919
- The rise of the Qing empire and the dissolution of the world of Central Eurasia
- Qing rule over the Mongols: organization and institutions
- Mongol society in decline (from the mid-nineteenth century)
- Mongolia in Russo-Qing relations (from the eighteenth to the early twentieth century)
- Mongolia during the final years of the Qing
- The 1911 Mongol declaration of independence and international relations
- THE MONGOLIAN PEOPLE's REVOLUTION OF 1921 AND THE MONGOLIAN PEOPLE's REPUBLIC (1924--46)
- The birth of the People's Republic
- The suppression of Buddhism
- Soviet purges in Mongolia
- The MPR during the Second World War
- THE MONGOLIAN PEOPLE's REPUBLIC
- On the path to democratization and the free market
- WESTERN CHINA (XINJIANG)
- From the mid-nineteenth century to 1911 revolution
- The republican period (1912--49)
- A new chapter in Xinjiang's history (October 1949 to 1990)
- NORTH INDIA (EXCLUDING PAKISTAN AFTER 1947)
- Early colonial rule
- The revolt of 1857
- After 1857
- Early nationalism
- Nationalism and Indian capitalists
- The coming of Gandhi
- Mass mobilization, independence and partition
- Independent India
- PAKISTAN (SINCE 1947)
- The Ayub Khan era
- The Yahya Khan regime
- The Bhutto era
- The Zia era
- The democratic era
- AFGHANISTAN
- AFGHANISTAN FROM 1850 TO 1919
- FROM INDEPENDENCE TO THE RISE OF THE TALIBAN
- IRAN AND ITS EASTERN REGIONS (1848 -- 1989)
- The last Qajar kings (1848--1925)
- The Pahlavi dynasty (1925--79)
- The Islamic Republic under Ayatollah Khomeini (1979--89)
- ENVIRONMENT, SOCIETY AND CULTURE
- THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF CENTRAL AND SOUTH ASIA
- Overview
- South Asian landscapes
- South-West Asia
- THE STATUS OF WOMEN (1917--90)
- THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN NORTHERN CENTRAL ASIA
- WOMEN's MOVEMENTS AND CHANGES IN THE LEGAL STATUS OF WOMEN IN IRAN AND AFGHANISTAN
- Iran and the Islamic Republic of Iran
- Afghanistan and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
- THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN
- India
- Pakistan
- EDUCATION, THE PRESS AND PUBLIC HEALTH
- Education
- The press
- Public health
- Conclusion
- Appendix
- SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
- Afghanistan
- Iran and the Islamic Republic of Iran
- Kazakhstan
- Kyrgyzstan
- Mongolia
- North India
- Pakistan
- Tajikistan
- Turkmenistan
- Uzbekistan
- Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region
- THE ART OF THE NORTHERN REGIONS OF CENTRAL ASIA
- The overall cultural situation
- Pottery
- Copper embossing
- Jewellery
- Felt products
- Carpet-making
- Artistic fabrics
- Printed cloth
- Embroidery
- Leather goods
- Bone carving
- Wood painting
- Miniatures and other arts
- Modern fine arts: painting in the twentieth century
- Conclusion
- THE ARTS IN EASTERN CENTRAL ASIA
- THE ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF XINJIANG
- The late Qing period (1850--1912)
- The Republican period (1912--49)
- The modern period (1949--90)
- UIGHUR VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE
- The Uighur house
- THE ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF MONGOLIA
- Introduction
- Fine arts from the `second conversion' to 1900
- Buddhist architecture to 1900
- Architecture and the fine arts in the early twentieth century
- Fine arts, 1921--90
- Architecture, 1921--90
- The contemporary art scene
- THE ARTS IN WESTERN AND SOUTHERN CENTRAL ASIA
- IRAN AND AFGHANISTAN
- INDIA AND PAKISTAN
- CINEMA AND THEATRE
- The tsarist colonial period
- The Soviet period
- The post-Soviet era
- ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING IN NORTHERN CENTRAL ASIA FROM THE RUSSIAN CONQUEST TO THE SOVIET PERIOD (1865--1990)
- Introduction
- Architecture and urban planning during the tsarist period (nineteenth and early twentieth centuries)
- Architecture and urban pla
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