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A ‘transitional’ approach should be followed by the EU in the integration
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- A gradual implementation of Directive’s provisions into the Albanian procurement legislation
- A coherent approximation of PPL with other national legal developments and other economic and social developments
- Opening up of PPL towards flexibility, to increase the efficiency of the procurement process
- Including procurement knowledge in the academic level
- Introduction of a licensing system for procurement officials
- 2015 275 Bibliography Books
- CJEU Case law
A ‘transitional’ approach should be followed by the EU in the integration process. The approach followed by the EU (through the European Commission) with non EU Member Countries, during the integration process, should not be rigid. The EU should be aware that countries like Albania, which aim to join EU, are mostly countries in transition, meaning that they are in a different state of development (economic, social and politic) compared to the countries which are already in the EU (even though there are considerable differences among them as well). In this context, it will be more realistic to have some ‘transitional rules” for countries which aim to join EU, then requiring them to transparency and integrity of the procurement processes. The main procedures and provisions of the EU Directives are implemented in the PPL. These apply not only above the EU thresholds, but also within the bands of specific national thresholds which generate formalistic practices. In addition, there are national procedures for low-value procurement, such as the request for proposals and small-value purchases. Competitive procedures regarding the publication of tender notices are generally required for the award of all contracts irrespective of their value. Negotiated procedures without prior publication should be used on an exceptional basis only, but still the numbers are significant 103. The open procedure is the preferred method, while all other procedures are conditional either with reference to the threshold values or to the nature of the tender. In practice the restricted procedure is not used”. See further “Public Administration Reform Assessment for Albania”, April 2014, pg. 40-38; Available on http://www.sigmaweb.org/publications/Albania-Assessment-2014.pdf; Retrieved, May 5, 2015. 1036 The same wording is used also by National Plan for European Integration, when providing that “ In general, the obligations arising from the SAA, in the field of public procurement, are met. The regulatory framework in this area is generally compatible, but not fully approximated with the acquis. Law no. 9643, dated 20.11.2006, "On public procurement", as amended, is partially harmonized with the relevant directives…” See further Chapter 5 “Public Procurement”, in the National Plan for European Integration 2015-2012, pg. 158-159. Available at http://www.integrimi.gov.al/al/dokumenta/dokumente- strategjike/plani-kombetar-per-integrimin-evropian&page=1 , retrieved December 20, 2014. Impact of European Union public procurement legislation on the Albanian public procurement system 2015 273 fully implement some rules which are meant for countries which are at a different level of development. A gradual implementation of Directive’s provisions into the Albanian procurement legislation In any case, it is recommended that the implementation of Directive provisions at issue should be done gradually, activating at the same time the appropriate mechanisms of avoiding abusive and corruptive behavior from both sides; contracting authorities and economic operators. In this gradual approach the principle of equivalence 1037 and the principle of effectiveness 1038 have to be taken into account. A coherent approximation of PPL with other national legal developments and other economic and social developments The approximation of Albanian procurement legislation with the respective EU Directives should also be conducted in coherence with the other legislation in force in the country and the needed economic and social changes. Opening up of PPL towards flexibility, to increase the efficiency of the procurement process Despite all, the Albanian procurement law should be opened toward more flexibility, to increase the effectiveness of using public money. In any case this flexibility should be increased gradually, and should be accompanied by an improved integrity level of officials in charge of procurement processes. Including procurement knowledge in the academic level Capacity building of the administration contributes to a higher level of professionalism and the alignment with European standards. Gaining a basic knowledge of the procurement system within university level education study programs would ensure the sustainability of such knowledge 1039 . Introduction of a licensing system for procurement officials Considering that public procurement is a process which happens in all public administration institutions, without exclusions, besides the knowledge gained in the university level education study programs, another factor of high impact consolidation and improvement of the procurement system in Albania would be the creation of the profession of procurement officials. Apposite professionals would carry out public 1037 The principle of equivalence means that procedural rules are not less favorable than those governing similar domestic actions. See G. Gruber “Community law and national law”, Public Procurement in the European Union, NWV Neuer Wissenschaftlicher Verlag, Vien, Graz 2006, pg. 41. 1038 The principle of effectiveness means that procedural rules do not render virtually impossible or excessively difficult the exercise of rights conferred by Community law. Ibid. 1039 A public procurement course is included in the curricula of the Albanian School of Magistrates (Judiciary system), but not in the university level education study programs. Impact of European Union public procurement legislation on the Albanian public procurement system 2015 274 procurement procedures. To this sense, the establishment of professional courses by the state, which would license the successful attendees as “procurement officials”, providing also that such officials be the only persons who can be employed for carrying out public procurement procedures in the public administration, would highly improve the system. Education of procurement officials and procurement auditors to release the Albanian procurement system from the “fear from discretion” Trainings also play an important role in capacity building of the administration in public procurement. Given the fact the public procurement process is a very dynamic process, the training of employees being responsible for carrying out of public procurement procedures should be done on a regular and continuous basis. The procurement process is well regulated and prescribed by the PPL, including the supporting documentation, which the contracting authorities are bound to follow, but the process is not designed to foster professionalism and performance oriented attitudes and practices 1040 , education of the administration (those who carry out procurement procedures and those who audit them) for being open minded is more than necessary, in order to make the system in practice as more effective as possible. Otherwise the emphases on control, sanctions and the risk of complaints will still lead to the unwillingness to introduce quality factors and to achieve the best efficiency and value for money of the procurement process. 1040 See “Public Administration Reform Assessment of Albania”, April 2014, pg.38-40; Available on http://www.sigmaweb.org/publications/Albania-Assessment-2014.pdf; Retrieved, May 5, 2015. Impact of European Union public procurement legislation on the Albanian public procurement system 2015 275 Bibliography Books G. Gruber, T. Gruber, A. Mille, M. Sachs “Public Procurement in the European Union”, NWV Neuer Wissenschaftlicher Verlag, Vien, Graz 2006. A. Semple ‘A practical guide to public procurement’, Oxford University Press, United Kindom, 2015. C. H. Bovis “EU Public Procurement Law”, Second Edition, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, United Kingdom, 2012. C. R. Hansen “Contracts not covered, or not fully covered, by the Public Sector Directive”, DJØF Publishing, Copenhagen 2012. D. D. Dingel “Public Procurement-A Harmonization of the National Judicial Review of the Application of European Community Law”, published by Kluwer Law International, Netherlands, 1999. D. Dragos, R. Caranta (Eds), Outside the EU Procurement Directives – Inside the Treaty?, Copenhagen, Djoef Publishing, 2012. Department of Public Administration, “100 Vjet Administratë”, No.12, 13, 14, Botime Pegi, 2012. E. Piselli “The scope for Excluding Providers who have Committed Criminal Offences under the EU Procurement Directive”, 2000. F. Weiss “Public Procurement in European Community Law”, Athlone Press, 1993. François Lichère, Roberto Caranta and Steen Treumer (Eds.) “Modernizing Public Procurement. The New Directive”; 1. Edition, Djøf Publishing, Copenhagen, 2014. G. L. Albano, K.F.Snider and K.V.Thai (Eds), “Charting a Course in Public Procurement Innovation and Knowledge Sharing”, by PrAcademics Press, USA, 2013. “Integrity in public procurement - Good practice from A to Z”, OECD Publishing 2007. J. F. Martin “The EC Procurement Rules: A Critical Analysis”, Clarendon Press, 1996. M. Trybus, R. Caranta, G. Edelstam (Eds.) “EU Public Contract Law- Public Procurement and beyond”, Administrative Law, Publisher: Bruylant, Bruxelles, 2014. Impact of European Union public procurement legislation on the Albanian public procurement system 2015 276 P. Trepte “Regulating Procurement- understanding the ends and means of public procurement regulation”, Oxford University Press Inc., New York, 2004 (reprinted in 2006). P. Trepte “Public Procurement in the EU- a practitioner’s Guide, Second Edition”, published by Oxford University Press Inc., New York, 2007 R. H. Folsom “Principles of European Union Law”, Concise Hornbook Series, Thomson West, 2005. U. Neergaard, C. Jacqueson, and G. S. Ølykke (Eds.) “Public Procurement Law: Limitations, Opportunities and Paradoxes”, The XXVI FIDE Congress in Copenhagen 2014 Congress Publications Vol. 3; DJØF Publishing, Copenhagen, 2014. S. Arrowsmith, J. Linarelli and D. Wallace, “Regulating Public Procurement: National and International Perspectives”, Kluwer Law International, London, 2000. S. Arrowsmith “Public Procurement: Basic Concepts and the Coverage of Procurement Rules”, Public Procurement Regulation-an introduction; Available on-line at http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/pprg/documentsarchive/asialinkmaterials/publicprocureme ntregulationintroduction.pdf S. Arrowsmith “The Law of Public and Utilities Procurement”, Sweet and Maxwell, London, 2005. S. Arrowsmith, S. Treumer (eds.), Competitive Dialogue in EU Procurement, Cambridge University Press, 2012. S. Arrowsmith “Law of Public and Utilities Procurement”, Volume 1, Third Edition, Sweet & Maxwell, London, 2014. S.T. Poulsen, P.S. Jakobsen and S.E. Kalsmose-Hjelmborg, “EU Public Procurement Law; The Public Sector Directive, The Utilities Directive, 2 nd Edition”, DJØF Publishing, Copenhagen, 2012. “The Cost of Different Goals of Public Procurement”, Swedish Competition Authority, 2012. B. F. Nelsen, A Stubb (Eds.) The European Union – Readings on the Theory and Practice of European Integration, Third Edition, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc, U.S.A, 2003 Impact of European Union public procurement legislation on the Albanian public procurement system 2015 277 U. Neergaard, R. Nielsen, L. Roseberry (Eds.) “European Legal Method-Paradoxes and Revitalisation”, DJØF Publishing, Copenhagen, 2010. G. S. Ølykke, C.R.Hansen, Ch.D.Tvarnø (Eds.) ‘EU Public Procurement-Modernisation, Growth and Innovation. Discussions on the 2011 proposals for Procurement Directives’ 1st Edition, Djøf Publishing, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2012. Case Law National Case law Decision no. 7038, date 05.07.2012 of the First Instance Court of Tiranë, “Eurofab” Sh.p.k, v Public procurement Agency, with object: Suspending of application of administrative act no. 8217/8, dated 09.03.2012 of PPA until the closing of the judgment. Annulment of the administrative act, Decision no. 8217/8, dated 09.03.2012 of PPA, considering it a decision contrary to the law and not based on evidences Decision no. 9725, dated 01.10.2013 of the First Instance Court of Tiranë, “H.E.L.D.I” sh.p.k, v Public procurement Agency, with object: Annulment of administrative act, decision no. 5677/4 Prot., dated 13.06.2012 of the Public procurement Agency; establishment of security measures for indictment concerning the suspension of the application of the administrative act no. 5677/4, dated 13.06.2012 of the Public procurement Agency Decisions no. 269, date 17.10.2012 of the Penal College of the Albanian Supreme Court Decisions no. 198, date 12.06.2013 of the Penal College of the Albanian Supreme Court CJEU Case law Case C-7/68 Commission of the European Communities v Italy [1968] ECR 423 Case C-155/73 Giuseppe Sacchi [1974] ECR 409. 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Case C-59/00, Bent Mousten Vestergaard v Spøttrup Boligselskab [2001] ECR I-9505 Case C-92/00 Hospital Inginieure Krankenhausrechnik Planungs-GmbH (HI) v Stadt Wien [2002] ECR I-5553 Case C-214/00, Commission of the European Communities v. Spain [2003] ECR I-466 Case C-283/00 Commission of the European Communities v Spain [2003] ECR I-11697 Case C-373/00 Adofl Truley GmbH v Bestattung Wien GmbH (‘Truley’) [2003] ECR I- 1931 Case C-18/01 Arkkitehtuuritoimisto Riitta Korhonen Oy, Arkkitehtitoimisto Pentti Toivanen Oy and Rakennuttajatoimisto Vilho Tervomaa v Varkauden Taitotalo Oy [2003] ECR I-5321 Joined cases C-20/01 and C-28/01 Commission of the European Communities v Federal Republic of Germany [2003] ECR I-3609 Case T-40/01 Scan Office Design SA v Commission of the European Communities [2002] ECR II-5043 Case C-304/01 Kingdom of Spain v Commission of the European Communities [2004] ECR I-7655 Case C-314/01, Siemens AG Osterreich v Hauptverband der sterreichischen Sozialverischerungstrger (2004) ECR I-2549 Impact of European Union public procurement legislation on the Albanian public procurement system Download 5.49 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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