Ingliz tili grammatikasi

COMPLEX SENTENCE
(ergashgan qo’shma gap)

1. 
   Ikkita chi yordamida bir-biriga aloqador sodda gap ergashtiruvchi bog’lovchi yordamida birlashsa ergashgan qo’shma gap deyiladi. Bunda gap ikki qismga bo’linadi.
   

1. 
   Principal clause – bosh gap
   
2. 
   Subordinate clause – ergash gap
   

2. 
   Bosh gap - o’zi mustaqil ma’noni ifodalovchi va sintaktik tahlil qilinishi mumkin bo’lgan ergashgan qo’shma gapning asosiy qismidir.
   

Ergash gap esa – bosh gapning biror bo’lagi vazifasida kelgan ergashtiruvchi bog’lovchilar bilan bog’langan yordamchi ma’no ifodalovchi qismidir

3. 
   Ergash gap quyidagi bog’lovchilar bilan bog’lanadi:
   

as, because, if, unless, while, when, where, how, what, which, that, till, until, as long as, as soon as, though, although…


ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF REASON
(sabab ergash gapli qo’shma gap)

1. 
   Bunda ergash gap bosh gapning sodir bo’lish sababi, bahonasini bildirib, ergash gap bosh gapga as, because (sababli, chunki) bog’lovchisi yordamida ergashadi. Bunda bosh va ergash gapning joy almashinishi mumkin.
   

M: As it was snowing hard, Nafisa came late
All passed the exam because they worked hard


OBJECTIVE CLAUSE
(To’ldiruvchi ergash gapli qo’shma gap)

1. 
   Bunday gapning kesimi hissiyotni ifodalovchi to know, to understand, to believe, to remember, to forget, to hear, to see, to notice… kabi fe’llat yoki demoq ma’nosidagi say, ask, inform, answer, respond, reply… kabi fe’llar bilan ifodalanadi. Ergash gap esa that, what, who, when, why, how, whom, whose kabi bog’lovchilar bilan bog’lanadi. Odatda bosh gap oldin ergash gap keyin keladi. Bosh gap Present yoki Future zamonida ergash gap istalgan mos zamonda bo’ladi; lekin bosh gap Past zamonida bo’lsa, ergash gap hech qachon Present yoki Future zamonida bo’lmaydi, u ham Past zamonlaridan biriga o’tadi
   

M: I know that I know nothing
She understood what I was doing
They believe that Akmal will come
Parvina says she will come late tomorrow
Nafisa asked where I was going