Knowledge necessary for modern human life

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SCIENCE OF CLINICAL 
FOUNDATIONS OF SPECIAL PEDAGOGY 
Umarova Sabokhon Minnavarovna
Senior lecturer, Kokand State Pedagogical Institute
Abdullayeva Mohinurbonu anwarjan's daughter 
Student of the Kokand State Pedagogical institute 

---

https://sciencepromotion.uz 
origin, clinical manifestations of defects in the field of the higher nervous 
system, vision, hearing and speech, and their impact on the state of the child's 
general health and defects.
This subject is a specialty science, which gives students initial 
knowledge, qualifications and skills about the medical aspects of defects and 
diseases in children with disabilities, which are of great importance when 
conducting students in specialized educational institutions with children with 
disabilities in psychic and physical development. Children are not alike. A 
child who is similar to each other does not exist. While children's ages are the 
same, they are different from each other. Some children are capricious, and 
some, on the contrary, are cheerful, some sing well, and some, on the contrary, 
cannot sing.
The child sees, hears, touches something from the days of his birth, heals 
pain, heat, smell and taste.
Tevarak begins with the knowledge — perception and perception of the 
surrounding being, that is, the reflection of things and phenomena in reality in 
the child's mind.
The child's perception is greatly improved in the first years of his life, 
and at the age of two he begins to differ from each other depending on the 
color, shape, size and size of the items, distinguishes a familiar tone, etc. It 
develops a wide variety of sensory abilities: vision and vision, listening and 
hearing, separating items according to their external signs, imitating what their 
eyes see and hear.
The child should be able to carry various impressions — see, grasp 
objects, observe the work of adults, hear a wide variety of sounds.This is a 
necessary condition for the sensory development of children. And the timely 

---

https://sciencepromotion.uz 
development of sensory abilities sets the stage for the mental education of 
children.
Attention, memory, aspiration, interest and other similar mental 
processes are of great importance for the mental development of the child.
The timely and correct development of a child's speech is the basis of his 
mental development. Speech has a great influence on the development of the 
mental process: perception, memory, etc., on the activities of children. As 
children's speech begins to develop, the role of adult words as an educational 
tool increases. 
The composition of the child's personality begins from the first days of 
his life. On the basis of what the child sees and hears every day, he expresses 
his attitude to being and tevarak-to the people around him, the behavior of 
adults, the assessment that the child gives to their work, to what is happening, 
his attitude to people-all this affects the formation of the spiritual image of the 
child.
Violation of certain conditions necessary for the development of a child, 
whether in the womb or after birth, can lead to defects, deficiencies in various 
physical or mental development.
Categories of children who need special help
In the science of the clinical basis of defects in children's development, 
work is carried out on various categories of children who need special 
assistance: they are:
1) children with hearing impairments (deaf, weak hearing children, 
children with late deafness);
2) children with visual impairment (blind, weak-sighted children;
3) mentally retarded-oligophrene children;

---

https://sciencepromotion.uz 
4) children with severe speech impairments;
5) Movement-children with disadvantages in the base members;
6) children with lagging mental development.
7) children with complex developmental disabilities;
8) children with autism syndrome.
Children with developmental disabilities should be brought up and 
trained in inclusive education or specialized educational institutions among 
their peers who have developed in moderation. Only defects that have a strong 
influence on the general development of the child in every possible way can 
become the basis for considering him an autonomous child for special 
assistance. For example, if only the left ear of a child hears, then this defect 
does not affect its comprehensive development, it does not fall into the 
category of children who are resistant to special care, as long as it is mastered 
by a number of school peers. It is impossible to consider this person to be an 
admirer of special assistance if the defects that appear in older people for 
certain reasons also do not affect their overall development.
Severe, drastic changes observed in the physical or mental development 
of children with developmental disabilities negatively affect the composition 
of the child's personality. Therefore, special conditions must be created for the 
upbringing and education of such children, that is, they should be taught and 
brought up on the basis of a special program and textbooks, among all and if 
necessary, among special specialized preschool institutions and peers 
developed in schools or in moderation.
The defect observed in a child with any developmental impairment may 
be involved in organic or functional changes in the central or peripheral 
nervous system.

---

https://sciencepromotion.uz 
Various shortcomings in the development of a child can also arise as a 
result of an unfavorable environment, improper upbringing, education. For 
example, unfavorable family conditions, pedagogical neglect, improper 
attitude of the teacher to the child and many other reasons negatively affect 
the development of the child, causing him to not be able to master the materials 
of the program well, to merge between the older students. However, we do not 
include such a child in the category of children who are dependent on special 
care, since the shortcomings in its development are caused by other reasons, 
and not by any organic or functional pathological changes in the body.
Parents, caregivers and teachers should be able to distinguish such 
children from children who are dependent on special care.
For reasons of Origin, any defective development can be congenital or 
acquired in marriage.
Birth defects largely depend on the health and living conditions of the 
fetal mother. The development of the fetus in the mother's womb can be 
influenced by infection, intoxication, injury and other factors. 
The mother's pain with various diseases during the fetal period, 
arbitrarily knowing or ignorant consumption of various drugs, can cause |cause 
the child to be born defective.
Birth defects can also be influenced by genetic, i.e. hereditary, factors. 
For example hearing, visual analyzer activity disorders, transmission of 
mental retardation from offspring to offspring are also observed 
(phenylketonuria, Down syndrome, Rhesus factor mismatch, etc.
Parents ' alcoholism, drug addiction, toxicomania can also cause the 
child to be born defective.

---

https://sciencepromotion.uz 
Defects acquired in marriage arise as a result of the influence of harmful 
factors on the child's body during and after childbirth. Brain damage at the 
time of straightening, the child's navel is wrapped, suffocated (asphyxia), etc., 
can sometimes lead to its defective development.
The fact that a child suffers from various diseases at an early age (up to 
three years of age), such as meningitis, meningoencephalitis, otitis, damage to 
the central nervous system and other similar ailments, can also cause the 
development of a defect.
Conclusion: in our country, many measures are being taken to prevent 
defects in the physical or mental development of children, a lot of progress has 
also been made in this area. In connection with the expansion of treatment and 
Prevention of the population in Uzbekistan and the great achievements in the 
field of Medicine, the number of children who are dependent on special care 
has decreased relatively. There have been incidents of children becoming 
addicted to special care behind smallpox, plague, typhoid, cholera, trachoma, 
measles and other child-specific infectious diseases. There are still cases 
when, due to hereditary factors, as well as intoxication and other reasons that 
lead to damage to the brain, analyzers, while the body is forming, the child 
remains dependent on special care.
Literature used: 
1. Po‘latxo‘jayeva M.R. Defektologiyaning klinik asoslari. O‘quv 
qo‘llanma. T.: TDPU – 2013.
2. D.Madazizova. Bolalar rivojlanishidagi nuqsonlarning klinik asoslari. 
O‘quv qo‘llanma. T.: TDPU – 2017.
3. Minavvarovna, Umarova Saboxon. "Etiology of Mental Retardness." 
International Journal on Orange Technologies 3.9 (2021): 44-47. 

---

https://sciencepromotion.uz 
4. Minavvarovna, Umarova Saboxon. "THE MAIN TYPES OF 
HUMAN WORK AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE HUMAN BODY." 
Journal of new century innovations 20.4 (2023): 74-78. 
5. Minavvarovna, Umarova Saboxon. "PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL 
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH-IMPAIRED 
CHILDREN." Galaxy International Interdisciplinary Research Journal 11.3 
(2023): 524-529. 
6. Umarova, S. M. "First Aid for Bleeding." Journal of Innovation, 
Creativity and Art 2.1 (2023): 172-175. 
7. Minavvarovna, Saboxon Umarova. "CAUSES OF POISONING AND 
MEASURES TO PREVENT IT." Conference Zone. 2022. 
8. Kazimova, Nafisaxon Minovarovna, and Saboxon Minovarovna 
Umarova. "APPLICATION OF MODERN TECHNICAL TOOLS TO THE 
EDUCATIONAL PROCESS." Journal of Integrated Education and Research 
1.6 (2022): 175-177. 
9. 
Raximova, 
Xurshidaxon. 
"NATIONAL 
AND 
FOREIGN 
ADVANCED TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION EFFICIENCY 
IMPROVEMENT." JOURNAL OF NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY 
(2022). 
10. ABDULATIF, RAXIMOVA XURSHIDAXON SADIKOVNA 
ABDUHALIMOVA ZULXUMOR, RAVSHANOVA DURDONAXON 
DILMUROD QIZI QIZI, and RO‘ZIYEVA UMIDAXON MUZAFFAR 
QIZI. "PRINCIPLES OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION." Confrencea 5.05 
(2023): 278-282.

---

https://sciencepromotion.uz 
Annotation: future educator-psychologists are considered specialists 
who play a key role in ensuring the spiritual and mental development and 
health of students. They are required to conduct activities that are important in 
providing the students with spiritual and spiritual education. This article aims 
to study and analyze the main stages of preparing future educators-
psychologists for the activities of spiritual and spiritual education. 
Keyword: educator-psychologist,spiritual-spiritual education, IEARN”, 
“KIDLINK, development. 
The reforms in the world education system and the formation of a 
competitive environment in the educational market necessitate the 
organization of the system of training specialists on the basis of a competency 
approach and the continuous improvement of competency requirements 
established in educational standards. 
Currently, Research is being carried out in the scientific centers of such 
progressive countries as the United States, Great Britain, Germany, Russia, 
South Korea on the formation of professional competencies of teachers and 
the professional training of future teachers, including the international