Konspekt “to be”

For example: I have met an old friend of mine.He has bought a car.
HAVE BEEN TO… /HAVE GONE TO…/ HAVE BEEN IN….
Have been to (bo’lib qaytmoq)
Have you ever to Toshkent?
Have gone to…(ketgan hozirda bu yerda emas)

• 
  Where is Tom?
  
• 
  He has gone to New York.
  

Have been in..(berilgan joyni o’zida bo’lmoq)

• 
  Where are from?
  
• 
  I am from Andijan. I’ve been in Fergana for three years.
  

***Quyidagi gapni ingliz tiliga 2 xil tarjima qilish mumkin.”Men tuflimni tozaladim”
1)I cleaned my shoe(yesterday).Now it is dirty.
2)I have cleaned my shoe(now).Now it is shining.
***”HOW LONG…” qanchadan beri?,qancha muddatdan beri?jumlasi bilan ham Present Perfect yoki Present Perfect Continuous ishlatiladi.

• 
  How long have you learnt English?
  
• 
  I have learnt English for 1 months or since December.
  

THE Present Perfect Continuous.

S+ HAVE/HAS + BEEN +VERB I+ING.
S+HAVE/HAS+NOT+BEEN +VERB I+ING.
HAVE/HAS+S+BEEN+VERB I+ING?
For example:
1.I have been learning English for 3years.
2.I have not been learning English for 3 years.
3.Have you been learning English for 3 years?
Key words:
Since,for, all+vaqt= all days, all week, all month.
The whole day,long,how long..?, lately, recently.
Ishlatilishi:
1.Ma’lum bir muddat davom etib gapirilayotgan vaqtda tugagan yoki tugayotgan ish-harakatni ko’rsatadi.Ish-harakatning tugallanish bosqichlariyoki ma’lum birmuddat bajarilganligini ko’rsatuvchi ish-harakatlarni ng asoratlarini ko’rinib turadi va natija sifatida signal vazifasini o’taydi.