Medieval and early modern periods 1206
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consecrated in the 12th century and was later patronised by the Mysore rulers. Maharaja Krishnaraja III added a Dravidian-style gopuram in 1827. The temple has silver-plated doors with images of deities. Other images include those of the Hindu god Ganesha and of Maharaja Krishnaraja III with his three queens. Surrounding the main palace in Mysore and inside the fort are a group of temples, built in various periods. The Prasanna Krishnaswamy Temple (1829), the Lakshmiramana Swamy Temple whose earliest structures date to 1499, the Trinesvara Swamy Temple (late 16th century), the Shweta Varaha Swamy Temple built by Purnaiah with a touch of Hoysala style of architecture, the Prasanna Venkataramana Swami Temple (1836) notable for 12 murals of the Wodeyar rulers. Well-known temples outside Mysore city are the yali ("mythical beast") pillared Venkataramana temple built in the late 17th century in the Bangalore fort, and the Ranganatha temple in Srirangapatna. Tipu Sultan built a wooden colonnaded palace called the Dariya Daulat Palace (lit, "garden of the wealth of the sea") in Srirangapatna in 1784. Built in the Indo- Saracenic style, the palace is known for its intricate woodwork consisting of ornamental arches, striped columns and floral designs, and paintings. The west wall of the palace is covered with murals depicting Tipu Sultan's victory over Colonel Baillie's army at Pollilur, near Kanchipuram in 1780. One mural shows Tipu enjoying the fragrance of a bouquet of flowers while the battle is in progress. In that painting, the French soldiers' moustaches distinguish them from the cleanshaven British soldiers. Also in Srirangapatna is the Gumbaz mausoleum, built by Tipu Sultan in 1784. It houses the graves of Tipu and Haider Ali. The granite base is capped with a dome built of brick and pilaster.
The List of religious buildings and structures of the Kingdom of Mysore includes notable and historically important Hindu temples, royal palaces, churches, mosques, military fortification and other courtly structures that were built or received significant embellishment by the rulers of the Kingdom of Mysore. The term "Kingdom of Mysore" broadly covers the various stages the Mysore establishment went through: A Vijayanagara vassal (c. 1399 – 1565), an independent Hindu Kingdom ruled by the Wodeyar dynasty (c. 1565 – 1761), ruled by the de facto rulers Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan who took control of the Kingdom (c. 1761 – 1799), and a princely monarchy under the British Raj (c. 1799 – 1950) before the establishment became a part of an independent India. Name of the structure Timeline Location Notes
Kodi Bhairavaswamy (or Kodi Someshwara Swamy)
c. 1399 Mysore palace grounds
Krishnaraya (r. 1399 – 1423), the founders of the dynasty Lakshmiramana Swamy c. 1499
Mysore palace grounds
From the Banni mantapa inscription it is known the temple was consecrated in 1499 during the rule of Chamaraja
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Wodeyar II (r. 1478 – 1513) with later additions by Kings Narasaraja Wodeyar I (r. 1638 – 1659) and Krishnaraja Wodeyar III in 1851 Gunja
Narasimhaswamy
16th century Tirumakudal Narasipur
The pre-existing temple was under the patronage of the local governor of Mysore, during the Vijayanagara rule over South India. Trinayaneshvara Swamy Earlier
than c. 1578
Mysore palace grounds
Existed before Raja Wodeyar I of (r. 1578
– 1617) and was later expanded by Kanthirava Narasaraja I (r. 1638 – 59). Lakshmikanta c. 1625
Heggaddevanakote
The original 13th-century Hoysala era construction was expanded by King Chamaraja Wodeyar VI (r. 1617 – 37).
Additions included a pillared mahamandapa ("large hall") and a mukhamandapa ("entrance hall"). An inscription on the dhvajastambha ("flag pillar") in the temple claims King Chamaraja Wodeyar VI had it erected in c. 1625. Narasimha Swamy First half of 17th
century Srirangapatna
The temple was built by Kanthirava Narasaraja Wodeyar (r. 1638 – 1659). His statue (dated 17th century) and that of the main deity Narasimha were re-installed in c. 1826 by King Krishnaraja Wodeyar III. An inscription on the pedestal in the Kannada script confirms it is the statue of "Kanthirava Narasaraja Wodeyaravaru". Nandi monolith c. 1659 –
1673 Chamundi Hills, Mysore commissioned by King Dodda Devaraja (also called Dodda Kempadevaraja, r. 1659 – 1673).
Shveta Varaswamy
Late 17th century- early 19th century Mysore palace grounds Built by King Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar (r. 1673 – 1704) and later expanded by Dewan Puraniah, chief minister of King Krishnaraja Wodeyar III ( (r. 1799 –
Temple tank (Kalyani) c. 1673 –
1704 Shravanabelagola
King Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar constructed the pond and made a large endowments to the Jain monastic order at Shravanabelagola. Paravasudeva c. 1673 –
1704 Gundlupet
The temple was built in Dravidian style during the rule of King Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar in memory of his father Doddadevaraja Wodeyar. Gopala Krishna c. 1673 –
1704 Haradanahalli Built by Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar in response to the taunts of the Maratha prince of Tanjore.
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Varadaraja c. 1673 –
1704 Varkod
Built by Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar in response to the taunts of the Maratha prince of Tanjore. Mahalakshmi c. 1673 –
1704 Mysore palace grounds Built by King Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar about the same time as the Shveta Varahaswamy temple. Kote Venkataramana c. 1689
Bangalore
The temple was built in 1689 AD in Dravidian and Vijayanagara style by King Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar. Lakshmikanta
Before c. 1732 Kalale
The pre-existing temple was expanded and lavish grants were made by King Dodda Krishnaraja I (r. 1714 –
Kille Venkatramana Swamy
c. 1734 –
1766 Mysore palace grounds Built by King Krishnaraja Wodeyar II. Shivappa Nayaka Palace
c. 1760
–
c. 1782 Shivamogga
Though named after the Shivappa Nayaka, according to art historian George Michell, the palatial bungalow was actually built by the Mysore ruler Hyder Ali. Lal Bagh Botanical Garden
c. 1760
Bangalore First planned and laid out during the rule of Hyder Ali and later adorned with unique plant species by Tipu Sultan is a popular botanical garden. Bangalore Fort c. 1761 Bangalore First built in mud in c. 1537 by Kempe Gowda I, the founder of Bangalore, and later re-built in stone by Hyder Ali in 1761 and further improved by Tipu Sultan in the late 18th century. It was damaged during an Anglo-Mysore war in 1791. It still remains a good example of 18th-century military fortification. Madhugiri Fort late 18th century
Madhugiri, Tumkur district The original fort is ascribed to Here Gauda, a Vijayanagara vassal of the fifteenth century. In c. 1678 the fort was captured by Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar, the King of Mysore. Haider Ali extended and further strengthened it. Devanahalli Fort c. 1760
–
1782 Devanahalli
Chieftain Malla Byre Gowda of Avathi, a Vijayanagara empire vassal, built a mud fort in c. 1501 at Devanadoddi (now called Devanahalli). In the late 18th century, Hyder Ali re-constructed the fort in stone resulting in the current structure. Colonel Bailey's Dungeon
before c. 1780
Srirangapatna Where Colonel Bailey was imprisoned by Hyder Ali and died in 1780. Narasimha Swamy
Late 18th Seebi
Built during the rule of Tipu Sultan by 305 | P a g e
century (before c. 1799)
three wealthy brothers: Lakshminarasappa, Puttanna and Nallappa, who were the sons of Kacheri Krishnappa, a Dewan in the court of King Tipu Sultan. Daria Daulat Bagh
c. 1784
Srirangapatna Tipu Sultan built this wooden this colonnaded palace (lit, "garden of the wealth of the sea"). Built in the Indo- Saracenic style, the palace is known for its intricate woodwork, striped columns, floral designs, and paintings. Gumbaz,
Seringapatam
c. 1784 Srirangapatna Built by Tipu Sultan himself, holds the graves of Tipu Sultana and his father Hyder Ali. Tipu Sultan's Summer Palace
c. 1791
Bangalore The construction of the palace was commissioned by Hyder Ali in c. 1781 and completed by Tipu Sultan in c. 1791. Jama Masjid c. 1794 Srirangapatna The Jama Masjid mosque named Masjid-e-Ala with two beautiful minarets was built by Tipu Sultan in 1794.
Tipu Sultan's Palace
Late 18th century
Nandi Hills
Interior of Tipu Sultan's summer Palace. Nandi Hills Fort Late 18th century
Nandi Hills Fort built by Tipu Sultan on Nandi Hills. Manjarabad Fort c. 1792 Manjrabad, Hassan district Built by Tipu Sultan who renamed 'Balam' as Manjarabad to reflect the foggy atmosphere in the fort ("fog" in native Kannada is manju) in the region. Srirangapatna Fort Late 18th century Srirangapatna Currently nominated for recognition as UNESCO World Heritage Site. Epigraphically the fort dates back to c. 1220 rule of Hoysala Empire King Vishnuvardhana. Later the fort underwent modifications under the Vijayanagara empire and Kanthirava Narasaraja Wodeyar of the Mysore Kingdom in c. 1654. In c. 1791, the fort obtained its current design and structure under the rule of Tipu Sultan. A military authority who visited Srirangapatna in c. 1888 opined that it was the second strongest fort in India. War Memorial After c. 1799 Srirangapatna Memorial for the British soldiers who died in the fourth Anglo Mysore war. Sultan Battery
Late 18th century Mangalore
A coastal fort built by Tipu Sultan just outside Mangalore city. Currently only parts of the fortification remain. 306 | P a g e
Tipu's Memorial After c. 1799
Srirangapatna Spot where Tipu Sultan's died after Mysore's defeat to the British in fourth Anglo-Mysore war. Srikanteshwara
c. 1799 –
1868 Nanjanagud
King Krishnaraja Wodeyar caused the main gopura (tower over the entrance gateway) and other improvements to be made in c. 1845. The original consecration of the temple dates back much further back before coming under the patronage of the Mysore Kingdom. Karachuri Nanja Raja (Dalavoy of Mysore) and Dewan Purnaiah expanded the temple significantly. Wellington Lodge c. 1810
Mysore Residence of Arthur Wellesley (later called Lord Wellington) after the death of Tipu Sultan. St. Mark's Cathedral, Bangalore
c. 1812 Bangalore Its architecture is inspired by the 17th- century St Paul's Cathedral in London. Arakeshwara
c. 1799
–
1868 Hale Yedatore King Krishnaraja Wodeyar endowed this temple. Chamundeshwari
c. 1827
Chamundi Hills, Mysore
This temple has a history dating back to the 12th century. Later King Krishnaraja Wodeyar III built the temple tower (gopura) and presented the Nakshatramalika jewel with Sanskrit verses inscribed on it. Prasanna Krishanswami c. 1829 Mysore palace grounds Built by King Krishnaraja Wodeyar III. Kote Anjaneya c. 1829
Mysore palace grounds
Built by King Krishnaraja Wodeyar III Chamarajeshwara c. 1825 Chamarajanagara
Built by King Krishnaraja Wodeyar III. Fernhills Palace
c. 1844 Ooty
The summer Palace of the Mysore Maharajas, was actually built in 1844 by Capt. F. Cotton. In 1873, Maharaja Chamarajendra Wodeyar X bought the palace. Bangalore Palace
c. 1864 Bangalore
The Bangalore Palace, built on the model of Windsor castle was built by Rev. Garrett, first Principal of Central College. In 1884, it was bought by the then Maharaja, Chamarajendra Wodeyar X. Modifications continued until final completion in 1927. Cubbon Park
c. 1870 Bangalore Originally the park was laid out in c. 1870 and was called Cubbon Park after Sir Mark Cubbon, the British Commissioner. It houses Victorian style buildings such as the Karnataka 307 | P a g e
High Court and the City Central library (Sheshadri Iyer Memorial hall). In the year 1927, the park was officially renamed as "Sri Chamarajendra Park" to commemorate the Silver Jubilee of Maharaja Krishnaraja Wodeyar‘s rule in Mysore State. Lokaranjan Mahal c. 1880
Mysore Completed when Mysore was directly under the resident British Commissioners and served as a summer home for the royal family. Jayalakshmi Vilas
c. 1887
–
1891 Mysore The Jayalakshmi Vilas mansion was constructed during the rule of Maharaja Chamarajendra Wadiyar X. Mysore University
c. 1887 –
1891 Mysore The Crawford hall on the campus was constructed during the rule of Maharaja Chamarajendra Wadiyar X Karnataka High Court
c. 1881 Bangalore The High Court is known as Attara Kacheri (lit, "Eighteen offices") was originally built in 1868 and later expanded. Mayo Hall Late 19th century Bangalore Built in memory of the 4th Viceroy of India, Lord Mayo. Mysore Palace
c. 1897 Mysore
Also known as the Amba Vilas Palace, the original complex was destroyed by fire and a new palace built in Indo- Saracenic style was commissioned by the Queen-Regent (Maharaja Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV) and designed by the English architect Henry Irwin in 1897. Cheluvamba Mansion c. 1900
Mysore This Mansion was built for the third daughter of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV, princess Cheluvajammanni and is therefore called Cheluvamba Mansion. It now serves as the Central Food Technological Research Institute, Government of India. Jaganmohan Palace
c. 1910
Mysore The Jaganmohan Palace was commissioned in c. 1861 Maharaja Krishnaraja Wodeyar III and was completed in 1910 during the rule of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV. It is now called the Chamarajendra Art Gallery and houses a rich collection of artifacts Karanji Mansion c. 1902 –
1914 Mysore
Karanji Mansion in Nazarbad Mohalla was constructed for the second daughter of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV, princess Krishnarajammanni. The 308 | P a g e
Mansion is built using the Indo- Sarcenic Renaissance style of architecture in 1902. It now serves as the Postal Training Institute, Government of India. Lalitha Mahal
c. 1921 Mysore The Lalitha Mahal Palace was built in 1921 by E.W. Fritchley under the commission of Maharaja Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV. The architectural style is called "Renaissance" and exhibits concepts from English manor houses and Italian palazzos. St. Philomena's Church
c. 1930 Mysore
Built during the rule of Maharaja Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV is in Gothic style with stained glass windows. It is one of the biggest churches in India. Brindavan Gardens
c. 1932 Srirangapatna The work on laying out the garden (also called Krishna Raja Sagara) was started in the c. 1927 and completed in c. 1932 when Sir Mirza Ismail was the Dewan of Mysore and Maharaja Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV sat on the Mysore throne. Rajendra Vilas Palace
c. 1938 Mysore (Chamundi hills) The Rajendra Vilas palace, built in the Indo-British style, was commissioned in 1922 and completed in 1938 by Maharaja Krishnaraja IV. Bhuvaneshwari c. 1951 Mysore palace grounds Built in 1951 by King Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar (r. 1940
– 1950; Titular:1950 – 1974) and the famous sculptor Sri Siddalingaswamy carved the image of the goddess Bhuvaneshwari. Gayathri c. 1953 Mysore palace grounds Built by King Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar in 1953.
The first iron-cased and metal-cylinder rocket artillery were developed by Tipu Sultan and his father Hyder Ali, in the 1780s. He successfully used these metal-cylinder rockets against the larger forces of the British East India Company during the Anglo- Mysore Wars. The Mysore rockets of this period were much more advanced than what the British had seen, chiefly because of the use of iron tubes for holding the propellant; this enabled higher thrust and longer range for the missile (up to 2 km (1 mi) range). After Tipu's eventual defeat in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War and the capture of the 309 | P a g e
Mysore iron rockets, they were influential in British rocket development, inspiring the Congreve rocket, which was soon put into use in the Napoleonic Wars. According to Stephen Oliver Fought and John F. Guilmartin, Jr. in Encyclopædia Britannica (2008): Hyder Ali, prince of Mysore, developed war rockets with an important change: the use of metal cylinders to contain the combustion powder. Although the hammered soft iron he used was crude, the bursting strength of the container of black powder was much higher than the earlier paper construction. Thus a greater internal pressure was possible, with a resultant greater thrust of the propulsive jet. The rocket body was lashed with leather thongs to a long bamboo stick. Range was perhaps up to three- quarters of a mile (more than a kilometre). Although individually these rockets were not accurate, dispersion error became less important when large numbers were fired rapidly in mass attacks. They were particularly effective against cavalry and were hurled into the air, after lighting, or skimmed along the hard dry ground. Tipu Sultan, continued to develop and expand the use of rocket weapons, reportedly increasing the number of rocket troops from 1,200 to a corps of 5,000. In battles at Seringapatam in 1792 and 1799 these rockets were used with considerable effect against the British." Hyderabad State
The Nizam of Hyderabad was earlier the Mughal Viceroy of the Deccan. The Asaf Jahi was a dynasty of Turkic origin from the region around Samarkand in modern- day Uzbekistan, who came to India in the late 17th century, and became employees of the Mughal Empire. As the Turco-Mongol Mughals were great patrons of Persian culture, language, literature: the family found a ready patronage. However, with the decline of the Mughals the Deccan attained independence, though the first Nizam continued to owe allegiance to the Mughal Emperor. The Deccan territories were thus the last survivors of the Mughal empire, along with the Princely state of Awadh (in North India). These territories soon came to be known as the 'Nizam's Dominions', which (in the year 1760) included areas from south of Maharashtra to the southern end of Andhra Pradesh, encompassing vast territories in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana. However, Hyder Ali administered the regions in and around Mysore and did not owe any allegiance to the Nizam. With the Mughal empire in disarray, this was a time when the French and British were competing for supremacy in the Indian sub-continent. The French exercised considerable influence in the Deccan from their stronghold of Pondicherry. In fact, the Nizam had a French regent stationed at Hyderabad in the later years of the 18th century as an important adviser, and there remains to this day a street of Hyderabad city named Troop Bazaar, which recalls where the French originally had their military barracks. The Nizam's dominions were at their greatest territorial extent at the time of the first Nizam, Nizam-ul-mulk, Asaf Jah-I. However, after his death there arose a succession struggle, |
