Mixture or combination

Bobur emdi agarchi chektim ranj,
Keldi ilkimga ushbu yanglig’ ganj…(baits 2240)
Bu demaktin g’araz Haq erdi-yu havas,
Chunki ilmiysin ayladim tahqiq,
Amaliysig’a bergaysen tavfiq. (baits 2246-46) . p.40
Babur wrote his book “M” in the point of not literature but religious target. He included his own point of views and thoughts, meanwhile giving information from religious scholars. Hence the book is the result of his deep compares of prior literature and great wit, which affected the fulfillment of the book for its theme, topic, objective and ideological cover. All his thoughts on religion are based on book “Hidoya” by Burkhaniddin Marghinani and Imam Motrudi. Babur’s opinions on Kalam (religion) mainly depicted in his book “Etiqodiya”. The book focused on the theories of creating the world and creative features of the Heaven. The meaning and interpretation of some Islamic ideas were cited from the ayats of the Karan. For instance, 24 praying cited in “M” were taken from the Karan.
All the books devoted to Islam were written in Arabic and Persian languages in Mawaraunnahr. But Babur succeeded in creating the book in Uzbek according to the canons of Hanafiya sect. The book is unique in its writing style and genre, stresses scientific at the same time delicate literary style of the author. Babur interpreted religious rules in plain and simple way. There the author found coincidence between form and function, shape and purpose. So, the book “M” distinguishes in explaining religious rules unique way, wide content notions. Rhyme and rhythm and evem metric pattern of the book serves function of device to identify the object of the book. Besides it shows Babur’s maturity to use poetic techniques capably. In the result various poetic devices as rhythm, rhyme and other devices closely connected to colorful meaning of the book. The book stands an important and special role as brilliant sample of literary and religious creations which proved the beauty of Uzbek language.
The first mentions of book “Mubain” was given in book “A” by Babur. “In historic 928 of Khijri year I wrote a book with God’s blessing based on the sect of Abu Khanafiya and titled it as “Mubain”” [“A”, on folio 170 b].
There was cited three baits hinting at that book in Baburname “That day I went out from Chaqmoq with Shakhi Agra. I ordered to measure that distance in mile. And it was written in “Mubaiin”” [“A”, on folio 351 a, b].
The fisrt publishing of the book “M” was performed by E.Berezin in 1857 and was limited with the part about zakat only. The lithographic issue of the book “M” was pressed in 1905 by Mulla Mirmaxdum. Later D.Ross in 1910 published an extract from “M”.There were some extracts from “M” in the book “Collections of National tatabbus” published by F.Kuprulzada in 1915. In Uzbekistan the book “M” was first mentioned in the monography of S.Azimjonova “K istorii Fergani II polovini XV veka and “Indian Divan by Babur”. She also cited as sample the part Zakat from “M”. The other article of the author informed about the chapter collecting the taxes from Zakat part of “M”.
“M” was investigated in the point of view of textology in the researches of N.Rasulzoda, and in the result there were compiled scientific-critical text of the book “M” (1995). The complete text of the book in modern Uzbek writing was published by S.Hasanov (1992, 2000). Recent years T.Seyhan researched book “M” in the point of view linguistics and published the book with explanations and dictionary including its facsimile copy (Istanbul, 2004).
Mirzo Kenjabeg published the complete version of the book in modern Uzbek language with complete explanations and analysis (T., “Shaq”, 2014). The introduction part of the issue was written by A.Saidov.
The last issue of the book “M” was published by H.Hasanov with dictionary and explanations. (T., “Movoraunnahr”, 2015).
O.J.
“MUBAYYIN”NING QO’LYOZMALARI (Eng. The manuscripts of “Mubain”). 1. Tashkent copy I. The copy is kept in the State Museum of Literature named after Alisher Navai under SA of Uzbekistan. Item number -103. Full copy was written in the XVI ^th century. Size 13x18 cm, total 147 pages. It was written on Samarkand and Kokand papers in yellowish colour with black ink. The title was in red colour in Nastalikh with mixed Nash writings. There are two columns in every page with 9 lines.
2. Berlin copy – the copy is kept in Staatsbibliothek library with the item number-2212 Partly missing copy. It was copied in 1539-40 years size 21,5x13,5 cm (where missing 121 pages). The pages are in grey colour with taliq writing, two columns in every page with 11 lines.
3. Tehran copy - The copy is kept in the Tehran national Library under the item number-2249 (The Babur’s collections pages 2-184). Non complete copy. Was performed in the XVII ^th century written in Nastaliq writing. There are given Persian explanations in the end of every line. There are missing some ayahs and praying including 700 baits.
4) St. Peterborough copy – the copy is kept in the archive of the Institute of Oriental Studies with the number A-104 which was written in the end of XVII ^th century. Sizes 11x17,5 cm consisting of total 98 page. The copy was written on the Eastern paper in Nastaliq writing with black ink. All pages set 13 lines on every pages.
5. Tashkent copy II – the copy is kept in Department named after H.Sullaimon of Institute of Oriental Studies under the number 2031. It is full copy with the size 13x20,5 cm consisting of 152 pages. It was written on Kokand paper in yellowish color with black ink (titles in red ink) in Nastaliq writing. It is identical with Tashkent copy I.
6. Tashkent copy III – the copy is kept in Institute of Oriental sciences with item number 8433. Which was copied in XIX^th century. Its size 14x21 cm consisting of 152 pages. (One pages 95 b is missing). It was written on Kokand paper with black ink in Nastaliq letters with 13 lines in every page. There is missing part the beginning of the book.
7. Tashkent copy IV- the copy is kept the same place under item number 12990. Not complete copy. Copied in 1889 year on Kokand paper with size 16x25,5 cm totally 121 pages in Nastaliq letters with 11 lines in every page.
8. Tahskent copy V – the same place item number 805. Not complete copy belonging to XIX^th century with size 8,5x15 cm, consisting of 117 pages. It was written on paper with yellowish colour in Nastaliq letters written in black ink 11 lines on every page.
Besides above-mentioned copies there remains other manuscript kept in private library of F.Kupruluzoda (“Turk tili va adabiyoti tadqiqotlari” Istanbul, 1934) which was copied by Kotib Isa Marginani in Margilan in 937 Khiljiy year. (Presently it is unknown the keeping place of the copy). The book “M” began being published since the first quarter of the XIX ^th century. For instance, E.Berezin published the third issue of the book in end of the XIX ^th century. The full form of book was published in 1905 by Mullo Murmahdum ibn Shohyunus Tashkandiy under the title “Mubayyinul-islom”.
O.J.
“MUBAYYINI-ISLOM” – the title of the book “M” by Babur published by Mullo Mirmaxdum Toshkandiy (1905). There was written a subtitle after the title of the book on cover age with the adding “there five basics in Islam – accepting that Allah is alone, believing in words of Muhammad who is rasul (messenger of God) and slave of the Allah, praying namaz, paying zakat, making the Haj pilgrimage once in life, keeping the fast in Ramadan”. The book consists of 138 pages, in nastaliq writing with two or three columns on every page. There were given explanations for difficult words on the sublines of every page. This copy of the book is important in preparing the scientific-critical text of “M”.
J.J.