Overweight and Obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
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- DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
- Waist-To-Hip Ratio is a Better Screening Measure for Cardiovascular Risk Factors than other Anthropometric Indicators in Tehranian Adult Men.
- Abstract BACKGROUND
- DESIGN
- CONCLUSION
- Detection of Cardiovascular Risk Factors by
- Abstract OBJECTIVE
- Subjects
- Abstract AIM
- Obesity and Associated Modifiable Environmental Factors in Iranian Adolescents: Isfahan Healthy Heart Program
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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to quantify the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their associated factors in adolescent children living in Tehran.
2900 students (1200 males and 1700 females) aged 11–17 years were selected from 20 secondary schools in the school year of 2004–2005. A questionnaire was filled, and weight and height were measured. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS: The body mass index (BMI) was calculated and adjusted for age and sex. Prevalences of overweight and obesity were 17.9 and 7.1%, respec vely. BMI increased with age, and it was higher in those who had lower levels of physical activity. Age at menarche was negatively associated with BMI. There was no relationship between macro- and micronutrient intake and overweight and obesity. This study highlights the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescent children in Tehran.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004 Oct;28(10):1325-32. Waist-To-Hip Ratio is a Better Screening Measure for Cardiovascular Risk Factors than other Anthropometric Indicators in Tehranian Adult Men. Esmaillzadeh A, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Endocrine Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Abstract BACKGROUND: It is essential to identify the best anthropometric index in any population to predict chronic disease risk. OBJECTIVE: To compare the ability of waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHpR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) to predict cardiovascular risk factors in an urban adult population of Tehranian men.
DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: A representa ve sample of 4,449 men aged 18-74 y, par cipants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. METHODS: Demographic data were collected; anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured according to standard protocol. In the 18-34 259
y age category, cutoff points for BMI, WHpR, WHtR and WC were 24 kg/m(2), 0.86, 0.47 and 81 cm, respec vely. In the 35-54 y age category these cut points were 26 kg/m(2), 0.91, 0.52 and 89 cm, and in the 55-74 y age category 26 kg/m(2), 0.95, 0.54 and 91 cm, respectively. Hypertension was defined based on JNC VI. Biochemical analysis was conducted on fasting blood samples. Diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose > or =126 mg/dl or 2hPG > or =200 mg/dl and dyslipidemia based on ATP III. The presence of 'at least one risk factor' from the three major cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes) was also evaluated.
WHtR for subjects were 25.6+/-4.2 kg/m(2), 0.91+/-0.07, 87.7+/-11.7 cm and 0.51+/-0.02, respec vely. Dyslipidemia and 'at least one risk factor' are more prevalent risk categories. Although all anthropometric indicators had a significant association to cardiovascular risk factors, WHpR had the highest correlation coefficients compared to other anthropometric measures. For all risk factors in all age categories, the highest odds ratios were pertained to WHpR. Of the four individual indicators, WHpR had the highest sensitivity, specificity and accuracy to predict cardiovascular risk factors. Cutoff points for WHpR were seen to have a higher percentage of correct prediction than BMI, WC and WHtR in all age categories.
cardiovascular risk factors than BMI, WC and WHtR in Tehranian adult men.
Food Nutr Bull. 2004 Sep;25(3):288-91. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among High-School Girls in Tabriz, Iran, In 2001. Gargari BP, Behzad MH, Ghassabpour S, Ayat A. Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Science and Health Services, Tabriz, Iran. Bahrampg@yahoo.com
Overweight and obesity are among the most prevalent nutritional problems in developed and developing countries. In this descriptive study, we attempted to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Iranian adolescent girls a ending high school in Tabriz. A sample of 1,650 (final study group, 1,518) high-school girls aged 14 to 20 years was selected by stepwise random sampling from five districts of Tabriz. Overweight and
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obesity were defined according to body mass index (BMI) percentiles from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) BMI cutoffs. According to the NHANES I criteria, 14.6% of the study subjects were overweight or obese. Overweight and obesity was seen in 11. 1% and 3.6% of the students, respec vely. By the IOTF cutoffs, 14% of the subjects were overweight or obese. Overweight and obesity were seen in 10.1% and 3.9% of the students, respectively. Of the study subjects, 8% had a BMI below the 15th percentile of NHANES I, an indicator of underweight. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Tabriz high-school girls is higher than in many, but not all, parts of Iran, but lower than in some neighboring countries such as Saudi Arabia. In this age group, in addition to overweight and obesity, underweight (BMI < or = 15th percen le) is also present.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004 Aug;58(8):1110-8. Detection of Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Anthropometric Measures in Tehranian Adults: Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve Analysis. Mirmiran P, Esmaillzadeh A, Azizi F. 1Endocrine Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine optimal cutoff points of anthropometric measures as cardiovascular indicators in an Iranian adult population. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING: Tehran, the capital of Iran. SUBJECTS: A total of 10 522 subjects (4449 men and 6073 women) aged 18- 74 y.
METHODS: Demographic data were collected and anthropometric indices were measured. Blood pressure was evaluated and hypertension was defined based on JNC VI. Biochemical measurements were done. Diabetes was considered as FBS> or =126 mg/dl (> or =7.0 mmol/l) and dyslipidemia was defined according to ATP II. Risk factors were considered as: hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, 'hypertension or diabetes', 'hypertension and diabetes', 'hypertension or dyslipidemia', 'hypertension and dyslipidemia', ' diabetes or dyslipidemia', 'diabetes and dyslipidemia', 261
'at least one risk factor' and 'at least two risk factors'. ROC curve analysis was performed to determine optimal cutoff values-where the sensitivity approximates specificity.
women. Men had higher waist-to-hip ratio (WHpR) and lower waist-to- height ratio (WHtR) than women in all age categories. Dyslipidemia, 'hypertension or dyslipidemia', 'diabetes or dyslipidemia' and 'at least one risk factor' were more prevalent risk categories in both genders. Range of areas under ROC curves for BMI and WC was 0.55-0.94 and 0.56-0.93 for men and 0.41-0.94 and 0.53-0.92 for women in various age groups, respec vely. Range of areas for WHpR and WHtR in men was between 0.58- 0.87 and 0.56-0.94, respec vely, and for women varied between 0.53-0.91 and 0.53-0.90 in various age groups, respectively. Cutoff points of BMI for various risk factors were between 24 and 29 kg/m(2) in men and 25-31 kg/m(2) in women. Range of WHpR was between 0.86 and 0.97 in men and between 0.78 and 0.92 in women. Cutoff points for WC and WHtR were between 80 and 93 cm and 0.47 and 0.56 for men and between 79 and 96 cm and 0.50 and 0.63 for women in different age groups to detect various risk factors, respectively. In general, values were lowest for the most prevalent risk factors and highest for less prevalent conditions.
measures as indicators of cardiovascular risk factors. It seems that these cut-points are higher for Iranians than for other Asian populations.
Public Health Nutr. 2004 Aug;7(5):645-8. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Adolescent Tehrani Students, 2000-2001: An Epidemic Health Problem. Mohammadpour-Ahranjani B, Rashidi A, Karandish M, Eshraghian MR, Kalantari N. Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health
Services, PO
Box 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran.
B.Mohammadpour@nnftri.ac.ir Abstract OBJECTIVE: Overweight has become a public health problem in most developing countries. Evidence suggests that adolescence is a critical period in determining adulthood obesity and its complications. The present study
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was carried out to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school students. DESIGN AND SETTING: This descriptive study was conducted in Tehran city, 2000-2001. Body weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) values were calculated. Underweight, overweight and obesity were defined as <5th, > or = 85th and > or = 95th percen le, respec vely, of age- and sex-specific BMI values from the National Center for Health Sta s cs/Centers for Disease Control and Preven on (2000). SUBJECTS: Using a mul stage sampling method, 2321 students (1068 males and 1253 females) aged 11-16 years were assessed in Tehran, the capital city of Iran.
7.8%, respec vely. The prevalence of overweight among girl students (i.e. 23.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 20.8-25.4) was significantly higher than that among boys (i.e. 18.8%; 95% CI 16.5-21.1, P=0.01) even a er adjustment for age (odds ra o 1.26, 95% CI 1.03-1.55, P=0.02). No significant risk of obesity associated with age was found in girls or boys. In both sexes, median values of age-specific BMI in this study were statistically higher than corresponding values collected in Tehrani adolescents 10 years ago (P=0.03). Similarly, a significant difference was seen between girl students in this study and the reference popula on (P=0.03). CONCLUSION: According to this study, overweight, especially in girls, should be considered an epidemic health problem among adolescent students in Tehran.
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Gynecol Endocrinol. 2004 Jun;18(6):327-34. Leptin and its Association with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Twin Study. Jahanfar S, Maleki H, Mosavi AR, Jahanfar M. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iran University of Medical Science, Iran. Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy with symptoms such as obesity, insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia. PCOS might be the result of a genetic disorder. Genetic discrepancy in the production of leptin, a product of the obesity gene, may lead to various endocrinopathies such as PCOS. The objective of this study was first, to ascertain the incidence of PCOS, using the gold standard; second, to ascertain the genetic property of leptin; and third, to evaluate the associa on between lep n concentra on and PCOS. A total of 154 Tehran- resident female-female twins were studied. They included 48 pairs of monozygo c (MZ) and 29 pairs of dyzygo c (DZ) twins, aged 15-45 years. Clinical, ultrasound and biochemical findings were used to diagnose PCOS. The incidence of PCOS using biochemical and clinical features was 16.2%. The correlation coefficient between serum leptin levels of MZ twins was higher than that of the DZ twins. The serum level of leptin was similar between subjects with or without PCOS, irrespective of their zygosity. It was concluded that the incidence of PCOS is high among twins, and that leptin is likely to be genetically determined, although the effect of environmental factors cannot be denied. This study did not find any association between the diagnosis of PCOS and leptin level. However, the link between the two may lie with other entities such as eating disorders and/or obesity. 264
Public Health Nutrition (2004), 7: 645-648 Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Adolescent Tehrani Students, 2000–2001: An Epidemic Health Problem B Mohammadpour-Ahranjani a1
, A Rashidi a1 , M Karandish a2 , MR
Eshraghian a3 and N Kalantari a4
a1 Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, PO Box 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran a2
Department of Nutrition, School of Paramedical Sciences, Ahwaz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Ahwaz, Iran a3 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran a4
Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
developing countries. Evidence suggests that adolescence is a critical period in determining adulthood obesity and its complications. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school students.
2000–2001. Body weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) values were calculated. Underweight, overweight and obesity were defined as <5th, ≥85th and ≥95th percen le, respec vely, of age- and sex- specific BMI values from the National Center for Health Statistics/Centers for Disease Control and Preven on (2000). Subjects: Using a mul stage sampling method, 2321 students (1068 males and 1253 females) aged 11–16 years were assessed in Tehran, the capital city of Iran.
7.8%, respec vely. The prevalence of overweight among girl students (i.e. 23.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 20.8–25.4) was significantly higher than that among boys (i.e. 18.8%; 95% CI 16.5–21.1, P = 0.01) even a er adjustment for age (odds ra o 1.26, 95% CI 1.03–1.55, P = 0.02). No
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significant risk of obesity associated with age was found in girls or boys. In both sexes, median values of age-specific BMI in this study were statistically higher than corresponding values collected in Tehrani adolescents 10 years ago (P = 0.03). Similarly, a significant difference was seen between girl students in this study and the reference population (P = 0.03).
be considered an epidemic health problem among adolescent students in Tehran.
International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Ijem) September 2003; 1(2):55-60. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity and Their Relation to Hypertension in Adult Male University Students in Kerman, Iran Shahbazpour N.* * Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, I.R. Iran.
university students in Kerman, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study populations of male university students, enrolled for physical educa on classes during the winter of 2001, at the Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, were examined and evaluated. Tthe partial correlation coefficient was used to quantify the association between body mass index and waist-to-hip circumference ratio with systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the influence of body mass index and waist-to-hip circumference ratio on the variance of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.
respec vely. 45.5% of the subjects had normal weight and 38.4% were underweight. 11.4% of the par cipants had waist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR) ≥ 92. We found a posi ve correla on between body mass index and waist-to-hip circumference ratio. Stepwise linear regression analysis controlled for age revealed that both body mass index and waist-to-hip circumference ratio were independently correlated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. 266
CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that of the university students studied, those with either higher body mass index or central adiposity distribution are potential candidates at increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
Pediatr Int. 2003 Aug;45(4):435-42. Obesity and Associated Modifiable Environmental Factors in Iranian Adolescents: Isfahan Healthy Heart Program - Heart Health Promotion from Childhood. Kelishadi R, Pour MH, Sarraf-Zadegan N, Sadry GH, Ansari R, Alikhassy H, Bashardoust N. Departments of Preventive Pediatric Cardiology, Cardiology and Nutrition, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. kelishadi@med.mui.ac.ir Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Iranian adolescents and their relationship with modifiable environmental factors.
boys, aged between 11 and 18 years selected by mul stage random sampling, their parents (n = 2000) and their school staff (n = 500 subjects) in urban and rural areas of two provinces in Iran. Data concerning body mass index (BMI), nutrition and the physical activity of the subjects were analyzed by SPSSV10/Win so ware. RESULTS: The prevalence of 85th percen le 95th percen le and BMI > 95th percentile in girls was significantly higher than boys (10.7 +/- 1.1 and 2.9 +/- 0.1%vs 7.4 +/- 0.9 and 1.9 +/- 0.1%, respec vely; P < 0.05). The mean BMI value was significantly different between urban and rural areas (25.4 +/- 5.2 vs 23.2 +/- 7.1 kg/m2, respec vely; P < 0.05). A BMI> 85th percen le was more prevalent in families with an average income than in high-income families (9.3 +/- 1.7 vs 7.2 +/- 1.4%, respec vely; P < 0.05) and in those with lower-educated mothers (9.2 +/- 2.1 vs 11.5 +/- 2.4 years of mothers education, respectively). The mean total energy intake was not different between overweight or obese and normal-weight subjects (1825 +/- 90 vs 1815 +/- 85 kCal, respec vely; P > 0.05), but the percentage of energy derived from carbo-hydrates was significantly higher in the former group compared with
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the la er (69.4 vs 63.2%, respec vely; P < 0.05). Regular extracurricular sports activities were significantly lower and the time spent watching tele- vision was significantly higher in overweight or obese than non-obese subjects ( me spent watching telelvision: 300 +/- 20 vs 240 +/- 30 min/day, P < 0.05). A significant linear associa on was shown between the frequency of consumption of rice, bread, pasta, fast foods and fat/salty snacks and BMI (beta = 0.05-0.06; P < 0.05). A significant correla on was shown between BMI percentiles and serum triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein- cholesterol and systolic blood pressure (Pearson's r = 0.38, -0.32 and 0.47, respectively). Download 5.37 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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