Overweight and Obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Download 5.37 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Abstract OBJECTIVE
- DESIGN
- Obesity among University Students, Tehran, Iran.
- Diet Composition and Body Mass Index in Tehranian Adults.
- An Evaluation of Gender, Body Mass Index, Wrist Circumference and Wrist Ratio as Independent Risk Factors for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.
- Abstract OBJECTIVES
- Abstract BACKGROUND
- OBJECTIVE
CONCLUSION: Low pre-pregnancy BMI is an established risk factor for LBW. Abnormal gestational weight gain may further complicate the pregnancy as an additional risk factor for neonatal LBW. All women, regardless of their pre-pregnancy BMI may be at risk for abnormal weight gain and hence low birth weight. Pre-pregnancy and gestation nutritional assessments remain significant part of all prenatal visits.
Public Health Nutr. 2006 Feb;9(1):61-9. Comparative Evaluation of Anthropometric Measures to Predict Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Tehranian Adult Women. Esmaillzadeh A, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Endocrine Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 19 395-4763, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Abstract OBJECTIVE: To compare the ability of waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) to predict cardiovascular risk factors in an urban adult population of Tehranian women.
DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING: Tehran, the capital of Iran. SUBJECTS: This study was conducted on 5073 women aged 18-74 years, participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Demographic data were collected. Anthropometric indices were measured according to standard protocols. Cut-off points of BMI, WC, WHR and WHtR were considered as 25 kg m(-2), 80 cm, 0.8 and 0.5, respec vely. Blood pressure was measured
240
and hypertension was defined based on the sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Biochemical analyses were conducted on fasting blood samples. Diabetes was defined as fas ng plasma glucose > or = 126 mg dl(- 1) or 2-hour plasma glucose > or = 200 mg dl(-1) and dyslipidaemia based on the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel. The presence of 'at least one risk factor' from the three major cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes) was also evaluated.
years; mean BMI, WC, WHR and WHtR were 27.1+/-1.5 kg m(-2), 86.5+/- 13.5 cm and 0.83+/-0.08 and 0.55+/-0.08, respec vely. Of the four anthropometric measures, WC had the highest sensitivity and specificity to iden fy subjects with risk factors in both the 18-39 year and the 40-74 year age categories. WC was seen to have a higher percentage of correct prediction than BMI, WHR and WHtR.
cardiovascular risk factors, compared with BMI, WHR and WHtR, in Tehranian adult women.
Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2006 Fall;4(3):172-8. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Insulin Levels in Obese Children. Ebrahimpour P, Fakhrzadeh H, Pourebrahim R, Hamidi A, Larijani B. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Doctor Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Abstract Insulin resistance syndrome is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that is accompanied with an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This has become an important problem in urban children due to their increasing levels of obesity. A total of 535 obese 7-11- year-old students of all the primary schools of the 6th district of Tehran were screened according to their waist circumference and then confirmed according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria. Waist circumference, fasting serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and insulin levels were measured. Response rate of the study was 96.3%. The crude prevalence
241
rate of metabolic syndrome in these children was 20.6%. There was no significant difference between genders. Only 8.2% of the studied children were without any of the criteria of the metabolic syndrome. The most common metabolic abnormality was hypertriglyceridemia, and the less common one was low HDL levels. Fasting blood sugar, triglyceride, HDL, blood pressure, and waist circumference were all related to the metabolic syndrome with odds ra o of 9.6, 18.71, 6.12, 17.64, and 13.68, respec vely. Moreover, insulin levels were significantly higher in these children (12.25 +/- 5.25 vs. 10.75 +/- 4.25 AmicroIU/mL, p = 0.019). This difference was significant in girls with and without metabolic syndrome, but such a difference was not detected in boys. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is high in Iranian obese children. Early intervention in this population who will become our future obese adults is needed, not only to increase their life quality, but also to decrease the future burden of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases on the society.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2006;15(4):516-20. Obesity among University Students, Tehran, Iran. Nojomi M, Najamabadi S. Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. drnojomi@iums.ac.ir Abstract Evaluating the nutritional status of individuals and population groups is an important tool in public health and a feasible indicator of standards of living. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of obesity and present nutritional status of university students of Iran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran. The survey was conducted between Oct 2004 and June 2005. The sta s cal popula on included all students from School of medicine, nursing and midwifery, health services, management, science, and rehabilitation. The method of sampling was multistage random. The sample size for the survey was 1,150 students. We used a self-administered 24h food recall ques onnaire. We categorized BMI to two groups in bivariate analysis (BMI <25 kg m(-2) as obese and less than 25 kg m(-2) as non-obese). Mean BMI for all subjects was 21.7 +/- 2.9 kg m(-2). Almost 88% of the subjects were classified into a non-obese group (BMI <25 kg m(- 2)). About 10% were underweight and 12.4% of the students had a BMI more than 25 kg m(-2). A significant difference was observed for BMI between males and females; 7.9% of males versus 22.5% of females had
242
BMIs over 25. About 18% of students aged 23 years and over had BMIs over 25 versus 7.7% of students aged under 18. Intakes of fiber, pre-vitamin A, folacin and iron were significantly different between BMI groups. Intakes of these nutrients were higher in the obese students than the students with BMIs less than 25 kg m(-2). Our results indicate that about 12.4% of the students had a BMI more than 25 kg m(-2). There was a significant association between BMI, and smoking habits, age, sex, place of resident and having specific dietary regimen.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2006;15(2):224-30. Diet Composition and Body Mass Index in Tehranian Adults. Mirmiran P, Esmaillzadeh A, Azizi F. Endocrine Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran. Abstract Human studies investigating the relationship between macronutrients intake and obesity, have failed to achieve consistent findings. This study was undertaken to assess the relationship between macronutrients intake and body mass index in a group of Tehranians. From 15,005 par cipants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, 1290 subjects aged over 10 years (565 males and 725 females) were selected randomly for dietary survey. Anthropometric indices were measured according to standard protocols and BMI was calculated. Dietary data were collected by trained interviewers using two non-consecu ve 24-hour dietary recalls. Data on smoking habits, educational level and physical activity were compiled. Under- and over-repor ng of energy intake were defined as EI: BMR < 1.35 and > or = 2.4, respec vely. Calorie-adjusted amounts of macronutrients were calculated by the residual method, following which energy intakes from all calorie-adjusted macronutrients were simultaneously included in the multiple regression models controlling for age, physical activity, educational level and smoking and mutual effects of macronutrients. Total energy intake was not included to avoid collinearity. BMI increased with age in either gender. Controlling for confounding variables, energy intake from fat was posi vely associated with BMI in males in the 10-18, 19-24, 25-50 and 51+ year age categories (beta = 0.06, 0.13, 0.33, 0.48, P<0.05 for all, respec vely) and females in the 19-24, 25-50 and 51+ age categories (beta = 0.17, 0.43, 0.52, P<0.05 for all, respec vely). This rela onship remained
243
a er excluding misreporters (beta = 0.06, 0.15, 0.36, 0.50 for males and beta = 0.21, 0.46, 0.54 for females in the corresponding age categories, respectively). The correlation of fat intake to BMI was not significant in younger females (10-18 year). No associa on was seen between energy intake from protein and carbohydrate with BMI in subjects before and after exclusion of misreporters. In conclusion, energy from fat was found to be independently and positively associated with obesity in adults. No other association was observed between energy from protein and carbohydrate with BMI.
Acta Neurol Scand. 2005 Dec;112(6):375-9. An Evaluation of Gender, Body Mass Index, Wrist Circumference and Wrist Ratio as Independent Risk Factors for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Moghtaderi A, Izadi S, Sharafadinzadeh N. Khatam General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Zahedan University, Zahedan, Sistan and Baloochestan, Iran. moghtaderi@zdmu.ac.ir Abstract OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of gender, body mass index (BMI), wrist ratio (WR) and wrist circumference as independent risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and to analyze the strength of association of these factors. METHODS: We have undertaken a case-control study in 128 CTS pa ents and 109 controls. Based on clinical and electrophysiologic criteria, 109 female and 19 male CTS pa ents as well as 62 female and 47 male control subjects were selected from patients and their relatives referred to our hospital. In total, 179 hands with CTS in three groups of severity (mild, moderate and severe) were examined. Height, weight, BMI, wrist width, depth, circumference and ratio were measured in all patients and control group. Mean values of different risk factors for CTS group and controls were measured. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate odds ratio of different risk factors. RESULTS: The mean values for BMI and WR were greater in CTS patients than in the subject group. Thirty-four, 89 and 57 pa ents had mild, moderate and severe CTS, respectively. Mean age, BMI, wrist circumference and ratio were not statistically significant in the three 244
groups. Female gender, increased BMI and increased WR had odds ratio of 9.95, 1.75 and 1.12, respec vely. CONCLUSION: Our study confirms that female gender, obesity and square wrists are independent risk factors for CTS.
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005 Dec;4(4):179-83. Association between Asthma Severity and Obesity in Two Asthma Clinics in Tehran. Tavasoli S, Heidarnazhad H, Kazemnejad A, Miri S. National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
heidarnazhad@nritld.ac.ir. Abstract The prevalence of both obesity and asthma has increased in recent years. Thus we decided to investigate the relation between obesity and asthma severity. We undertook a cross-sectional study in outpatient asthma clinics of 2 ter ary hospitals in Tehran. Obesity was defined as a body mass index greater than 30. Asthma severity was defined by using the Guide for Asthma Management and Preven on 2004 guidelines, according to patients' clinical and/or spirometerical parameters. Active cigarette smoking patients and patients with a history of other lung diseases were excluded.A total of 116 individuals, aged 16-83 years with a mean age of 46.57+/-15.05 years, met the entry criteria. There were 73 females and 43 males. The prevalence of obesity in our study popula on was 29.3%. The Spearman correlation coefficient between asthma severity and body mass index was r= 0.275 (p= 0.001). Mean body mass index of females and males were 28.95+/-5.41 and 25.17+/-4.17, respec vely. Mean body mass index of females with asthma was significantly higher than males (p< 0.0001). The odds ra os for obesity were 8.650, 8.746, and 22.491 for mild, moderate and severe persistent asthma, respectively, compared to patients with mild intermittent asthma.With increasing asthma severity, we observed higher occurrence of obesity in adults. The association of asthma severity with obesity suggests that obesity may be a potentially modifiable risk factor for asthma or asthma exacerbation. 245
Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2005 Sep;75(5):347-56. Evaluation of Waist Circumference to Predict Cardiova Scular Risk Factors in an Overweight Tehranian Population: Findings from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study . Esmaillzadeh A, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Endocrine Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the waist circumference (WC) cut-off points to predict cardiovascular risk factors in the overweight Tehranian population. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and biochemical analyses were evaluated for the 15,005 par cipants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Three thousand sixty-five subjects aged 18-74 years with a body mass index of 25-29.9 were enrolled in this study. Abdominal obesity was defined as WC > or =102 cm for men and > or =88 cm for women. Sensi vity of WC > or =102 cm to detect various cardiovascular risk factors for men aged 35-54 years was between 5% and 14%, and for men aged 55- 74 years, was between 12% and 19%. The specificity of this cut-off point was between 93% and 98% and between 86% and 96% for corresponding age-categories, respectively. WC > or =88 cm had a sensi vity of between 28% and 41 % for iden fying cardiovascular risk factors in women aged 18- 34 years. Sensi vity tended to increase with age and specificity tended to decrease with age in both genders. These cut-off points had the highest positive predictive value for the more prevalent risk factors in both genders. The negative predictive values were different for various risk factors among age groups. The classic cut-off points of WC failed to provide adequate evidence for the use of WC in detecting cardiovascular risk factors. Further studies should be conducted to determine optimal WC cut- off points for Iranians. 246
Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Sep;82(3):523-30. Dairy Consumption is Inversely Associated with the Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in Tehranian Adults. Azadbakht L, Mirmiran P, Esmaillzadeh A, Azizi F. Endocrine Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Abstract BACKGROUND: Although previous studies showed some benefits from dairy consumption with respect to obesity and insulin resistance syndrome, epidemiologic data on the association between dairy intakes and metabolic syndrome are sparse. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the relation between dairy consumption and metabolic syndrome in Tehranian adults. DESIGN: Dairy consumption and features of metabolic syndrome were assessed in a population-based cross-sec onal study of 827 subjects (357 men and 470 women) aged 18-74 y. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to guidelines of the Adult Treatment Panel III. Multivariate logistic regression adjusted for lifestyle and nutritional confounders was used in 4 models. RESULTS: Mean (+/-SD) consump on of milk, yogurt, and cheese was 0.7 +/- 0.2, 1.06 +/- 0.6, and 0.9 +/- 0.3 servings/d, respec vely. Subjects in the highest quartile of dairy consumption had lower odds of having enlarged waist circumference [odds ra o (OR) by quar le: 1, 0.89, 0.74, 0.63; P for trend < 0.001], hypertension (OR by quar le: 1, 0.88, 0.79, 0.71; P for trend
trend < 0.02). The values of ORs became weaker a er further adjustment for calcium intake.
having metabolic syndrome. It seems that this relation is somewhat attributed to calcium.
247
Transplant Proc. 2005 Sep;37(7):2998-3000. Effect of Body Mass Index at Time of Transplantation and Weight Gain after Transplantation on Allograft Function in Kidney Transplant Recipients in Shiraz. Raiss-Jalali GA, Mehdizadeh AR, Razmkon A, Rouzbeh J, Behzadi S, Memari H, Malek-Hosseini SA. Southern Organ Transplant Center, Shiraz, Iran. ali_ra@yahoo.com Abstract Chronic renal allograft dysfunction is the most common cause of graft loss, for which there are multiple risk factors, including obesity before transplantation, which is believed to lower long-term renal allograft survival. One hundred eighty-two kidney transplant recipients were studied. Body mass index (BMI) at the date of transplantation was calculated. BMI values were classified into 4 categories: (1) pa ents with BMI <20, (2) BMI between 20 and <25, (3) BMI between 25 and <30, and (4) BMI > or =30. The minimum follow-up period in this study was 3 years a er transplantation. The link between categorized BMI and the presence of renal allograft dysfunction and mortality within 3 years pos ransplanta on was investigated using independent sample t test. BMI at the date of transplantation showed statistically significant association with presence of renal allogra dysfunc on and mortality within 3 years pos ransplanta on (P = .008, P = .01, respec vely). BMI at the date of transplanta on has a strong association with outcomes after renal transplantation. The extremes of very high and very low BMI are important risk factors for chronic renal allograft dysfunction; therefore, weight adjustment before kidney transplantation can be useful in improving the function of a transplanted kidney and increasing patient's survival. 248
Br J Ophthalmol. 2005 Aug;89(8):964-6. A Study of the Relation Between Body Mass Index and the Incidence of Age Related Macular Degeneration. Moeini HA, Masoudpour H, Ghanbari H. Feiz Hospital, Opthamology Department, Isfahan, University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran. Abstract BACKGROUND: Age related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the most frequent cause of blindness among the elderly. Obesity may be one of the risk factors of ARMD as suggested, yet not proved, by several studies. This study assesses the relation between body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of ARMD.
subjects who were adjusted for age, sex, cigarette smoking, blood pressure, and diabetes. Data analysis was performed by SPSS V9.0 using Student's t and chi2 tests. RESULTS: 42% of the subjects in the case group and 35% of those in the control group were men. Mean age of subjects in the case and control groups was 69.9 years (62-77 years) and 64.08 years (56-71 years), respec vely. Mean BMI measured 25.38 (range 21-29) and 30.24 (26-34) in the case and control groups, respec vely (p>0.05). 12% of subjects in the case group were obese, 42% were overweight, and 14% were lean. 22.5% of subjects in the control group were obese, 45% were overweight, and 7.5% were lean (p>0.05). 25>25> Download 5.37 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling