O‘zbekiston respublikasi oliy ta’lim, fan va innovatsiyalar vazirligi mirzo ulug`bek nomidagi

 
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CATEGORIZATIONS OF PROVERBS AND 
DIFFERENTIATING THEM IN MEANING 
 
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8141169
  
Sodiqova Sayyoraxon Talabovna 
QDPI, o’qituvchi, Qo’qon,O’zbekiston 
Azimova Sehriyoxon Ravshanjon qizi
O’zMU, 1-bosqich magistr, Toshkent, O’zbekiston
 
Annotation
. 
In this article provebs are given according to the category and 
how to clarify the proverbs in meaning.And also different scholars opinions related 
to the proverbs. 
Keywords: paremiologist, proverb, saying, a phrase, an idiom, a paremy, 
and metaphoric proverb,synecdoche proverb,metonymy proverb. 
 
Regarding the origins of the proverbs Meider, the famous paremiologist, 
states that:Proverbs, like riddles, jokes, or fairy tales, do not fall out of the sky and 
neither are they products of a mythical soul of the folk. Instead they are always 
coined by an individual either intentionally or unintentionally, as expressed in Lord 
John Russell’s well-known one-line proverb definition that has taken on a 
proverbial status of sorts: 'A proverb is the wit of one and the wisdom of many'. He 
also explains how a statement can turn into a proverb. He believes that if the 
statement contains an element of truth or wisdom, and if it exhibits one or more 
proverbial markers, it might “catch on” and be used first in a small family circle, 
and subsequently in a village, a city, a region, a country, a continent, and 
eventually the world.The global spread of proverbs is not a pipe dream, since 
certain ancient proverbs have in fact spread into many parts of the world. Today, 
with the incredible power of the mass media, a newly formulated proverb-like 
statement might become a bona fide proverb relatively quickly by way of the radio, 
television, and print media. As with verbal folklore in general, the original 
statement might well be varied a bit as it gets picked up and becomes ever more an 
anonymous proverb whose wording, structure, style, and metaphor are such that it 

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is memorable.Different categorizations of proverbs have been proposed by 
different scholars.The first categorizations is one outlined by Norrick, who 
analyzed a sample of the proverbs from the oxford dictionary of English 
Proverbs.He developed a more empirically oriented and less grandiose 
schematization that categories proverbs according to the type of figuration they 
use.He distinguished that(scientists differentiated differently)five types of 
figurative 
proverbs:synechdoche,metaphoric,metonymic,hyperbolic 
and 
paradoxical.It must be mentioned that in Norrick’s words figurative proverbs have 
figurative meanings that differ from their literal meaning.Let’s we will learn the 
categories according to the Norrick deeply: 
Synecdoche Proverbs 
The proverbs in which the literal reading and standard proverbial 
interpretation or SPI '' stand in a relation of macrocosm to microcosm''. These 
includes examples such as the early bird catches the worm, it equals in uzbek “erta 
ekkan butun olar,kechga qolgan-o’tin”, Fair words break no bones,according to the 
literal meaning in uzbek it equals “haqiqat egiladi,lekin sinmaydi”,but this proverb 
in uzbek related to the metaphoric proverbs. In these proverbs, the literal meaning 
is quite different from the figurative meaning .Example for this: “offer your hand 
in marriage’’, “qulog’ini tishlab qo’ydi”, “hungry mouths to feed”. 
Metaphoric Proverbs 
In metaphoric proverbs, a nominal becomes metaphoric due to its interaction 
with another proverb constituent, or the nominal symbolize some characteristic 
attribute. An example of the first is, Favor will as surely perish as life and of the 
second, Fair play is a jewel. 
Metonymic Proverbs 
This type of proverb is based on association between something literally 
named and the thing intended. One example of a metonymic proverb is ''who has a 
fair wife needs more than two eyes'' in which the eye stands metonymically for the 
''sight''. 
Hyperbolic Proverbs 

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According to Norrick ''hyperbole has traditionally been considered a 
rhetorical figure along with, if not quite of the same importance of synecdoche, 
metaphor and metonymy''. In fact hyperbole counts as amplification. Amplification 
says more than necessary. For example the proverb ''faint heart never won fair 
lady'' is a hyperbolic proverb due to the existence of never in it.It equals according 
to the meaning in Uzbek “Toqqa chiqmasang do’lona qayda, jon kuydirmasang 
janona qayda”.
Paradoxical Proverbs 
Proverbs in which there is a contradiction or whose interpretation entails a 
logical contradiction are considered as paradoxical proverbs. In fact paradoxical 
proverbs have a “second interpretation”. An example of paradoxical proverb is 
“fair is not fair, but that which please”. The first clause of this proverb asserts a 
clear logical contradiction. The proverb “a man’s house is heaven and hell as well” 
is a paradoxical proverb as well. 
As a conclusion,proverbs were always the most vivacious and at the same 
time the most stable part of the national languages, suitable competing with the 
sayings and aphorisms of outstanding thinkers. In the proverbs and sayings 
picturesqueness of national thinking was more vivid expressed as well as their 
features of national character.They express the outlook of the amount of people by 
their social and ideal functions. Proverbs and sayings include themselves the some 
certain features of historical development and the culture of people.The proverbs 
and sayings the paper of folklore which is short but deep in the meaning,and also 
have literal and figurative meanings.we can say that figurative meaning in proverbs 
different from each other, when they translated one language into another and 
also it lost the category which is given from L
1 
language.In some cases it saved 
only literal meaning in translations. 

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