O’zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta’lim vazirligi buxoro davlat universiteti viloyat to’xsanova

 
EMBROIDERY ARTS 
Uzbek national embroidery is one of the oldest forms of applied art, which arose 
as a result of the desire of the people to make their lives beautiful.The art of 
embroidery was famous not only in our country but also abroad. Kerpech, 
Suzana, zardevor, gulkurpa, stockings embroidered by Uzbek folk masters are 
recognized by such foreign countries as Germany, Belgium, America, India, 

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Afghanistan, as well as in the homes of the Fergana valley, but also in 
permanent exhibitions and expositions of our country. 
Through miniature of the XIV-XV centuries, you can see that the embroidery 
was developed a very long time. As an example, we can cite the embroidery 
made in miniature "Temur takhtda ""Timur on the throne" Kamoliddin Behzad 
vyponennuyu in 1467, who worked on the "Zafarnome". The second half of the 
XIX century was marked by the invention of sewing machines, which in turn led 
to the creation of enterprises for embroidery. Embroidery in hand gradually 
began to be lost. For development of national handicraft, in particular national 
embroidery it is necessary to study national traditions, to show samples of 
applied art of embroidery. Mentors need to cultivate feelings of love and 
admiration for folk craft, to instill the skills of the ability to appreciate the 
beauty and aesthetic skills of applied art.
EMBROIDERY AND EMBROIDERY THREADS 
Embroidery is one of the types of applied art.Embroidery since ancient times 
is used to decorate the home interior, clothing, utensils. When embroidery is 
used needle, awl ordinary, sewed with a hook, colored thread, thimble, scissors, 
workbench lattice (usually under the workbench podrazusevaetsya kvalratny or 
four coal machine on which the material is stretched, the same machine is used 
in gold embroidery), material or fabric. The art of embroidery is performed with 
silk and ordinary cotton threads, very thin wire made of gold or gilded metal, 
beads and shiny coin-shaped baubles, artificial and natural stones and much 
more. Usually embroidery is embroidered by hand, often with the development 
of technology, it is applied on a typewriter. And so same under embroidery 
ispolzuetsya crude skin ydelennaya from skin household animals, is used 
munchoki (munchoki - this artificial stones vvide eye, often this is used as an 
amulet or a talisman from evil eye). Each nation has its own style and tradition 
of embroidery patterns.
The awl used in embroidery has a wooden handle. Embroidering on cardboard 
or leather use a regular awl, the awl first piercing hole, and then procivesa 
needle. Lattices or machines are made of wood in the form of a triangle, a circle 
and a quadrangle. Before the beginning of embroidery selected fabric and 
thread with needles. For the convenience of embroidery thread strung on a 
needle length of 50-60 centimeters, selected sharp scissors. It is not necessary to 
use a thimble when using a grid or a machine. In many cases stitching of the 
lattice or the machines are climbing. 
Items of decoration such as: Palak-branch or stem, suzane-suzane, dastrumol-
handkerchief, hamyon-purse has its own ways of embroidery, its patterns and 
flowers. Different patterns and patterns are widely used in embroidery. There 
are many ways to transfer images to fabric: 

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1. Patterns or depicted flowers are pierced evenly with a needle, then carefully 
superimposed on the fabric, then the color of the fabric is selected powder in the 
form of soot or chalk powder. 
2. On velvet and other fabrics having a fine pile, a pattern or vypezannye 
flowers is superimposed, then the pattern is sewn to the fabric, and only then 
embroidered on the pattern or flower embroidery. 
3. Copy paper or tracing paper is used. 
4. On thin tissue copy of the pattern or picture is placed on a plane glass surface 
and under glass bulb turns on, then the shown pattern or design is drawn with a 
normal pencil. When embroidering, you can not allow the appearance of pellets 
and knots. This method is convenient to use in the dark. 
Uzbek embroidery for centuries was rich, developed under the influence of 
embroidery of the peoples of neighboring regions and peoples. In Uzbek 
embroidery there are styles and methods of Persian, Tajik, Kazakh, Turkmen, 
Russian, Afghan, Indian, Chinese, Ukrainian embroidery.Uzbek embroideries 
depict geometric shapes, floral patterns and figures.In Kazakh, Kyrgyz, 
Turkmen embroideries there are many images resembling the horn of animals. 
In Russian embroidery there are more geometric shapes and drawings 
reminiscent of plants and birds. There are two kinds of embroidery on the hands, 
that is, hand embroidery: 
1. By reading on the canvas lines of transverse and horizontal interwoven 
threads, embroidered pattern or rischunok. 
2. By applying a pattern or pattern to the fabric and arbitrary embroidery. 
The fabric is woven by spinning and rope yarn count lmce. In Uzbekistan, 
there is a type of calculated embroidery and this type is called "Iroki" or Iraqi 
embroidery. Using this kind of embroider yew, towels and Iraqi skullcaps, 
popularly or popularly called skullcaps " Iroki”, one of the varieties of skullcaps. 
Embroidery in a free style can be embroidered on any fabric. In Uzbekistan 
embroider both traditional clothes and separate accessories as: belts, 
handkerchiefs, towels, rukovichki, pillows of the different sizes, dastarkhany, 
covers, purses, imnogoe another which since ancient times is used by the person. 
Wyrmbane and today has not lost its aktualnost and is still ongoing. Belts were 
embroidered from ancient times and had different functions. was izgotavlival 
range of fabrics, cotton, satin, sateen and other fabrics, stitching in hand or on a 
typewriter. And now you can see the national belt at the weddings of grooms 
and boys, this rag of clothing symbolizes courage. 
There are 6 main functions of the belt: 
1. On long journey was caracelli bread on the belt, meaning performs the 
function of a tablecloth. 
2. When shopping on the Bazaar products have zavorachivaete in the zone 
means performs the function of the marketplace of bags. 
3. The belt was separatively on the head over the skullcap, mean acted turbans. 
4. The belt served as a towel after working on the field. 

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5. The belt was tied to the waist, to strengthen the back, in order to keep the 
back warm. 
6. During trips they carried out the functions “of Joynamaz”(joinamoz is a 
special Mat for reading prayers or namaz).