O’zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta’lim vazirligi buxoro davlat universiteti viloyat to’xsanova

As the great Alisher Navai wrote: 
Tuzatti har bir elga naqshu tasvir - 
 
Ki qildi san’atin har elda zohir. 
What does it mean: 
Who could draw a pattern everywhere- 
He was able to direct his eyes to wisdom. 
 
From ancient times, household utensils were decorated with colored patterns. 
This type of art is called nakkoshi, that is, the art of drawing patterns. In the 
Republic, this type of applied art has been developing since ancient times, 
Uzbek masters decorated not only household utensils, but also buildings and 
public places, like mosques, houses, facades, and much more. Each people 
approach this kind of art in its own way. For example: Russian craftsmen apply 
patterns of plants and flowers to the smooth surface of the board. After the 
paints have dried, a special colorless varnish is applied in several layers. The 
method of the Uzbek masters is somewhat different. These masters on the board 
processed by a joiner apply special glue according to the sketch, process it with 
sandpaper, and then apply a bronze coat of paint. After that, a composite image 
is applied using the Ulga method (Ulgi is a special way of applying a 
composition resembling tracing paper) in the form of a stencil. Then it is painted 
over in black, after which a pattern is applied. To preserve patterns and colors, 
varnish is applied in several layers. 
Folk craftsmen mainly use the following methods of applying patterns: patterns 
with so-called folklore and masters of islimias (islimia - a method of applying 

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patterns consisting of plant elements and not straight lines and bends); patterns 
consisting of straight lines and geometric shapes, called guli girih (guli girih - 
means floral girih) or a complex method; patterns of methods with elements of 
islimia and girih make up a single composition. The main elements of this are 
plants, stems and petals, buds and flowers, fruits and branches. Such elements in 
most cases are found and used in Hoshia (Hoshia is the main compositional 
structure of the pattern giving the pattern its form and content). Girih is mainly 
used in the image of complex, geometric figures in the form of stars and 
polyhedrons, here the rays of the star reach from 5 to 16, using straight lines, 
and make up the whole composition. 
The third method of applying patterns guligirich (flower girih) consists of 
elements of interwoven figures of geometric and plant shapes. This interweaving 
gives an unusual shape and composition of the pattern. Here the geometric 
shapes are mainly located in the center of the pattern, around the plant shapes 
and elements are applied in such a way that it is difficult to distinguish how the 
pattern 
is 
applied. 
Masters 
like: 
A.Kosimjonov, 
Y. 
Raupov, 
T. 
Tukhtakhodzhaev, Zh Hakimov (Tashkent), A. Baltaev (Khiva), S. Norkuziev 
(Kokand) and many others have reached the heights of skill and respect of the 
people. 
The preparation of products from natural materials, mainly from clay and 
applying them to them, is popularly called kulolchilik, which means pottery. 
This type of art as a craft was formed and developed on the territory of the 
republic since ancient times. Products of this type of art are teapots and bowls, 
lagans (lagan - deep flat dishes made of ceramics or faience), plates and braids 
(a braid or in vernacular, the shape of a bowl resembles the shape of a large 
bowl), jugs and hummos (hum-large ceramic dishes in in the form of a jug or 
pot) and much more. 
Pottery craftsmanship. In pottery craftsmanship, various methods of 
applying patterns are used. One of these methods is the Kalami method (Kalami 
- pencil-brush method). A pattern is applied to the product with a brush and 
paint without preliminary markings of patterns. Here, the master relies on his 
experience and imagination, accurate calculation and firmness of hand. This 
method and method is mainly used by Rishtan and Gijduvan masters. In some 
places, craftsmen apply a pattern using gilvata (gilvata is a special type of clay, 
mainly masters of pottery use it to make products), then they draw outlines of 
patterns with paints, this method is called “chisma” (drawing). This method is 
common among Tashkent masters. 
Pottery of Uzbekistan is distinguished by its diversity of composition, color of 
colors by the interweaving of genres and styles, prevails by the interweaving of 
plant and geometric figures in the composition. They mainly use turquoise color 
as a symbol of happiness. 
Pottery in Uzbekistan is also widely used in architecture and construction. In 
the niches of the madrasah, mosque, hammams (baths), the inner walls of houses 

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and structures, you can see samples of pottery, as well as on the facades of 
buildings. In addition, pottery decorations can be seen in the interiors of modern 
buildings and hotels, found in parks and squares of Uzbek cities. There are 
several training centers and workshops in the republic that unite masters of 
pottery, who make unique and inimitable pottery. 
Such masters as U. Zhurakulov, A. Mukhtorov (Samarkand), U. Umarov, A. 
Khazratkulov, A. Narzullaev (Bukhara), B. Boisov, R. matchonov (Kharezm), K 
.Turobov, Yu.Ziemuhammedov, A. Rakhmatov, M. Rakhimov, R. Orifjonov, A. 
Numonov, T. Miraliev, A. Aminov (Tashkent), T. Tillohujaev (Namangan), A. 
Khudoinazarov (Katta Kurgan), B .Khalilov (Denov), M. Oblokulov (Urgut), 
brothers Khozhimirov (Andijan), H. Rakhimov (Bukhara), Sh. Kalandarov 
(Khuzhaili) and many others. 
 
Since ancient times, the peoples of Central Asia have been proud of their 
gold embroidery art. 
The main materials of gold and sewing art are korchup (chambarak), which 
means a wooden or lattice machine, buz (wheel), patil of two types of heavy and 
light type (patil - special sticks or slats acting as a reel), gold and silk threads, 
needles of two types under No. 1 and 2, toast paper (cardboard), scissors of three 
types: gulbur (for cutting flowers, cut scissors and scissors for sewing, meter and 
centimeter, bahmal (Villur), breastplate of two kinds, etc. Masters use two ways 
of sewing. 
The first way - patterns are cut into thick paper or cardboard and 
embroidered with gold threads, this method is called zarduzi-guoduzi (gold 
floral sewing). The second way is a zaminduzi or fonnini, which means sewing 
on the ground, that is, empty seats of matter are filled with gold embroidery by 
sewing or filling empty spaces without patterns, while sewing itself resembles a 
pattern. Masters in the depiction of patterns and plot compositions mainly use 
images of plants: flowers, leaves, almond flowers, images of cotton as a symbol 
of warmth, etc. Recently, masters began to depict living creatures as animals and 
the silhouette of people.