The Failures of Mathematical Anti-Evolutionism
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The Failures of Mathematical Anti-Evolutionism (Jason Rosenhouse) (z-lib.org)
(Oerter 2006)
These estimates firmly place the ball in the court of the anti- evolutionists. It is on them to provide the calculation that establishes the correctness of their claims. It seems unlikely they will ever be successful in doing so. 7.9henry morris’ s later writing The Genesis Flood contains only a few pages addressing the second law of thermodynamics. In those pages, Morris and Whitcomb write as though it is simply obvious that the “upward” trend of the evo- lutionary process is at odds with the “downward” trend required by the second law. To the extent that they made any argument at all, it was directed entirely at Harold Blum in the manner explored in Section 7.8. In the three decades following the publication of The Genesis Flood , young-Earth creationism became the dominant form of anti-evolutionism in the United States. Henry Morris was the most prominent public face of the movement, and he produced a large number of books and pamphlets defending his point of view. Thermodynamics was a frequent topic of discussion in this work. To be blunt, most of this writing was of such low quality that it merits consideration here only for its historical significance in the development of the second law argument. Here is a represen- tative quotation, from Morris’s 1975 book The Troubled Waters of Evolution : 252 7 thermodynamics Not only is there no evidence that evolution ever has taken place, but there is also firm evidence that evolution never could take place. The Law of Increasing Entropy is an impenetrable barrier which no evolutionary mechanism yet suggested has ever been able to overcome. Evolution and entropy are opposing and mutually exclusive concepts. If the entropy principle is really a universal law, then evolution must be impossible. (Morris 1982, 111) It was in response to this sort of childish rhetoric, then ubiqui- tous in the literature of anti-evolutionism, that scientists, with some impatience, noted the importance of distinguishing open from closed systems. Morris was aware of this distinction, and replied thus: Obviously growth cannot occur in a closed system; the Second Law is in fact defined in terms of a closed system. However, this criterion is really redundant, because in the real world closed systems do not even exist! It is obvious that the Laws of Thermodynamics apply to open systems as well, since they have only been tested and proved on open systems! (Morris 1982, 124) As we have seen, the expression of the second law in terms of closed systems is just a special case of a more general inequality that applies to any sort of system. To repeat, if your claim is that entropy cannot spontaneously decrease, then you had better be talking about an isolated system. If the system is open there is still a strong statement to be made about the permissible entropy change, but that statement allows for entropy increases. Were this Morris’s only contribution we could simply move on. However, he did introduce one novel claim into the discussion that is worth a look. Continuing from the last quotation, Morris claims to have discovered the precise criteria that must be satisfied for a local entropy decrease to occur. Specifically, there are four criteria. The first two are that the system be open and that there be available energy. The third is a “coded plan”: 7.9henry morris’s later writing 253 There must always, without known exception, exist a pre-planned program, or pattern, or template, or code, if growth is to take place. Disorder will never randomly become order. Something must sift and sort and direct the environmental energy before it can “know” how to organize the unorganized components. Download 0.99 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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