Towards a General Theory of Translational Action : Skopos Theory Explained
Download 1.78 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
Towards a General Theory of Translational Action Skopos Theory Explained by Katharina Reiss, Hans J Vermeer (z-lib.org) (2)
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- 11.5.3 Conclusions for translation studies
11.5.2 Translation strategies
In all of the three groups of genres mentioned above ( 11.5.), the translator has to decide (at least where the preservation of the source-text function is the aim of the translation process) whether the conventions of the source culture can be preserved by means of a ‘linguistic translation’ or whether they have to be replaced by target-culture conventions to achieve a communicative translation. If a source-culture genre is unknown in the target culture, a ‘linguistic translation’ may introduce an innovation into the target culture (i.e. into the target-culture’s “literary polysystem”, as Toury 1980a puts it) and it may some- times even create a new tradition. An example of this would be the Arabic ghazal, which spread to Persia, India and Turkey. 80 Its conventional form (3 to 15 couplets, the first ending 80 In the English-speaking world, the ghazal began to be recognized as a viable closed form in English-language poetry in the first half of the 1990s. Some American poets like Genre theory 172 in a rhyme, which is then repeated in every second line of each subsequent couplet, while the first line remains unrhymed: aa-ba-ca-da … ) was adopted by German poets such as August von Platen, Friedrich Rückert and Friedrich von Bodenstedt, but this did not create a new tradition. In the translation of the third group of genres, the relevance of the source- culture genre conventions for text comprehension is not always recognizable for the target audience and is therefore often explained in additional paratexts, such as notes, commentaries, glossaries, etc. 11.5.3 Conclusions for translation studies There are only a few comparative studies of genres and their diverging con- ventions in translation studies so far. Some authors have mentioned genre conventions in passing (e.g. Kapp 1976: 34, with regard to German, French and Italian recipes), others have presented small-scale studies (e.g. Kußmaul 1978 on German and English academic papers; Reiß [1977]78 on German, Flemish, French, Spanish, English and Egyptian obituaries; Spillner 1981 on French and German wedding announcements; Thiel 1980 on French and German political resolutions; Thome 1980 on French and German recipes). Apart from these studies, which are rather limited in scope, there are hardly any systematic contrastive analyses of frequently translated genres, which would be relevant for translation purposes, or of their conventional features, which are determined by their respective culture systems, the norms of language use and characteristic recurrent ‘patterns’ of expression. 81 a) Systematic studies The importance of such studies, which could be carried out in the form of translation comparisons or parallel-text analyses, has been emphasized fre- quently, e.g. by Hartmann (1980) or Spillner (1981). Such work would be of immediate relevance to applied translation studies. Once genre conventions have been recorded systematically, they can be taught and learned; transla- tion classes could become more efficient and translation assessment could be made more objective, with both no longer having to rely mainly on intuition, as is the current practice. For this kind of systematic studies, both pragmatic genres and literary non-fiction would provide appropriate material for three main reasons: firstly, John Holland or W. S. Merwin published ghazals in English, and the Kashmiri-American poet Agha Shahid Ali edited a volume of “real ghazals in English”. See also http://www. ghazalpage.net. (Translator’s note) 81 Since this book was published in 1984, quite a few comparative studies of translation- relevant genres have been carried out both in Germany and elsewhere, e.g. Göpferich’s English-German comparison of genres in natural sciences and technology: Göpferich, Susanne (1995) Textsorten in Naturwissenschaft und Technik. Pragmatische Typologie Download 1.78 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2025
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling