What are the difficulties in translation of phrasal verbs? The following matters can be encountered


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final phraseology

STYLISTIC FUNCTION

  • The stylistic function, in comparison with nominative function, is a special use of language means for achievement of stylistic effect, together with preservation of the general intellectual content;

  • The stylistic functions realize in speech connotative features of a phraseological unit (e.g. a wolf in sheep’s clothing; a bull in a china shop; a fly in the ointment, etc. );

108. Verbal PhUs that have a figurative meaning close to each other


Ex: intellect: To be Greek to someone- to be completely unintelligible, to cut the Cordian cut- to solve a very complex problem
Beauty: To have the hots for someone- to find someone very attractive
Love: take a fancy, to fall for someone, to wear your heart on your sleeve, to be the apple of someone’s eye
Behavior: to fall into a rage- to get angry, to show one’s teeth- to show anger, to look through one’s fingers- keeping distance
109. The degree of transparency of idioms can very on o sale from the almost literal, as in the expressions “to feel like a fish out of the water” (phraseomatic meaning).
The semi-literal, as in “to fish smth out” (To retrieve smth, ideophraseomatic meaning)
To the totally obscure, or idiomatic, as in the case of “a red herring” (idiomatic meaning)
110. Denotative meaning refers to the literal meaning of a word, or its dictionary definition. Denotative meaning is important for understanding the definitions of words, which in turn helps people communicate clearly, and prevent misunderstandings. 
Denotative meaning in PhUs is reflecting features of the denotatum. As primary meaning denotative meaning can be modified by generalization and specialization. Several PhUs originally had denotative meaning, then time by time they started to have their figurative meaning which means gaining expressive, evaluative and emotional meanings.
Ex: letting the cat out of the bag
111.
112. The importance of phraseological studies is permanently discussed as it demonstrates the interrelation between the language and the society. In speech phraseological units have connotations related to emotions and value.
113.
114. Nominative-communicative PhUs /set expressions with verbs in infinitive form in Active voice and with sentence structure in Passive voice
To burn one’s boat
To break the ice
To spill the beans
115. Conceptual blending is understood as a cognitive operation based on the conceptual structures of two or more unrelated mental spaces (input spaces) which are linked by means of a generic space and on the basis of their common elements are projected onto a new mental space (a blend) which generates a new emergent knowledge structure.

John became a bag of bones- blend is thinness


She is playing with fire in this situation –blend is in danger

116. Idiophraseomatic meaning:


It is information produced by set expressions, one of the components of which possess literal, but complicated meaning, and their derivatives are fully reconsidered:
To be in the same (in one) boat –
Be in the same position - Stable WG
Lit. to be in the same boat (train, ship, etc.) - Free WG;

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