2–sho’ba ilg‘or xorijiy tajribalar, xalqaro baholash dasturi talablari orqali o‘qitish metodologiyasini takomillantirish

ANNOTATSIYA
Mazkur maqolada Mahmud Zamaxshariy asarlari orqali oliy ta’lim tizimidagi ma’naviy–axloqiy talablarni takomillashtirishga qaratilgan ta’lim jarayonini loyihalash, rejalashtirish, tashkil etish, nazorat qilish va boshqarish va bu jarayonning samaradorligini ta’minlovchi yangi dunyoqarashni shakllantirish qalamga olingan. Mahmud Zamaxshariyning tarbiyaviy qarashlari pedagogika ta’limoti tarixida alohida ahamiyatga ega. Mahmud Zamaxshariyning ilmiy–ma’naviy merosi Sharq va G‘arbda keng o‘rganilganiga qaramay, uning ma’naviy merosini pedagogik jihatdan o‘rganishga ehtiyoj bor. Alloma ma’naviy–axloqiy merosini o‘rganish jarayonida oliy o‘quv yurtlari talabalarida ma’naviy–axloqiy tarbiyaning yuksak fazilatlarini shakllantirish dolzarb ijtimoiy–pedagogik muammodir.
Kalit so'zlar: ma'naviyat, axloq, tarbiya, nasihat, ilm, tarbiya, umuminsoniy qadriyatlar, yaxshi xulq, dinda halollik, yolg'on, do'stlik, mehr.


INTRODUCTION. The relationship between religion and secular culture has always been the cause of heated debates in history. An objective study of the spiritual and educational heritage created by scholars and thinkers, researching the ideas glorifying the sustainability of the nation and society in their works is one of the urgent tasks. The positive effectiveness of systemic reforms in all areas, which are deeply rooted in the process of globalization, as well as the extent to which the extremely responsible and important task of making the future sustainable and stable, is directly dependent on the morale of students. The World Declaration of the United Nations "Higher Education of the 21st Century", the program documents of UNESCO "Reform and Development of Higher Education" call for improving the quality of education in higher education institutions worldwide, organizing modular education, teaching special attention was paid to further improvement of the method of spiritual and moral education of students by introducing modern methods. Spiritual and moral education of students is a priority in this regard.
Therefore, in improving the system of spiritual and moral education of students, it is necessary to realize that it is impossible to understand and evaluate the rich heritage left to us by our great ancestors as a self–fulfilling situation.
It is of great importance to study and research the rich scientific heritage of Mahmud al–Zamakhshari, to present it in modern analysis and interpretation in the higher education system to the general public, to introduce it to our people, and to publish his works. Mahmoud al–Zamakhshari's scientific legacy; It has been widely studied worldwide due to its views of universal theoretical and methodological importance. Especially in European and Arab countries, great research work has been carried out in this regard. These studies have proven to be crucial in finding scientific solutions to a number of current problems.
The direct heirs of the scientific heritage of Mahmud az–Zamakhshari, Uzbek philologists and orientalists, have carried out certain works, but the work of the scientist "Atwaq uz–zahab fi–l mavoiz va–l–khutab" has an educational value. The educational essence of git and advice has not been sufficiently researched on the basis of pedagogy. In this sense, the scientific heritage of Mahmud Zamakhshari is recognized as an actual scientific problem that should be studied in the part of the history of pedagogy of the science of pedagogy in the social life of today. Without denying this, we believe that we should understand Mahmud Zamakhshari as the educator of the nation and the person who put forward pedagogical views that serve to educate the young generation and educate them spiritually and morally mature. Such factors are the actual problem of pedagogy, Mahmud Zamakhshari's work "Atwaq uz–zahab fi–l mavoiz va–l–khutab", his manuscript and publication The role of the structural structure of copies in the field of education requires comprehensive study and research. The relevance of the problem is reflected in the fact that it can serve as a methodological ground for improving the system of spiritual and moral education of students, substantiating it through scientific research, and studying the golden examples of education.
According to the call of the President Sh.M. Mirziyoyev, the most important task is to form and educate the thinking of young people on the basis of enlightenment. thirst for knowledge, the role of education in human development, patriotism, growing awareness of national identity, deep study of rich national cultural and historical traditions and the intellectual and scientific heritage of our people and instilling them in the minds of young people 'attention is being paid.
Improving the system of spiritual and moral education of students through education in our country serves as one of the main factors in the development of society. From this point of view, in the Development Strategy for the further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, "Helping young people to mature spiritually, intellectually, physically and morally, to educate young people in patriotism, civic sense, tolerance, laws, national and universal values" "Education as a person with a spirit of respect, who can resist harmful influences and currents, and has firm beliefs and views on life" is defined as the main task. To fulfill this task, it is necessary to enrich the spiritual and moral education of students. It is urgent to expand the possibilities of using Mahmud al–Zamakhshari's work "Atwaq uz–zahab fi–l mavoiz wa–l–khutab" in educational activities.
It should be noted that attention is paid to young people as important issues in state policy in order to master modern knowledge, to become the owner of true enlightenment and high culture. On the basis of the tasks defined in the Strategy of Actions adopted in 2017 for the further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, "...continue to further improve the continuous education system and increase the possibilities of quality education services, including physically healthy, we can see that it is important to educate mentally and spiritually developed, independent thinking, loyal to the Motherland, with a firm outlook on life. With his rich scientific heritage, Mahmoud al–Zamahshari raised the scientific culture of the East and the world to an incomparable level. It is of great importance to study the rich scientific heritage of Mahmoud al–Zamakhshari, to research it as the spiritual wealth of our people, to present it to the consumption of science in our republic in a modern analysis and interpretation, to introduce it to the general public, to our people, and to publish his works. Because the scientific heritage of Mahmud al–Zamakhshari is a value of universal theoretical and methodological importance, it has been extensively researched worldwide. The rich scientific and cultural heritage and universal values ​​of our people are based on the development of the achievements of national culture, economy, science, technology and technology. This research calls for the formation of an effective system of training qualified specialists and the need to improve the system of spiritual and moral education of students through the works of scholars serving this purpose.
Decree No. PF–60 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of January 28, 2022 "On the Development Strategy of Uzbekistan for 2022–2026", No. PQ–2909 of April 20, 2017 "Higher Education Resolution of August 14, 2018 "On measures to further develop the education system", "Measures to bring up the moral, moral and physical maturity of young people, to raise the quality of their education system to a new level" Resolution No. PQ–3907, dated October 8, 2019, No. PF–5847, 2019 This thesis work is to ensure the implementation of the tasks defined in the concept PF–1059 of December 31 "Concerning the approval of the concept of continuous spiritual education and measures for its implementation" and other regulatory and legal documents related to this activity. serves at a certain level.