profits for the enterprise. Investing activities support operations
through buying and selling the long-term assets needed to carry
out operations. Those assets are paid for through the financing
activities that come up with the cash and repay borrowed money.
As we step through the financial statements, we can see
where each category of activity fits.
The Income Statement
The generic income statement below contains most of the ele-
ments found in a comprehensive income statement for a corpo-
ration. There’s certainly enough flexibility in the format to per-
mit additions and subtractions based on the need to communi-
cate business activity. In Chapter 1, we took a simplified
approach to the income statement. The full income statement
formula is an expanded accounting equation.
assets = liabilities + equity + revenues – expenses + gains – losses
Solving algebraically and then reducing it to the normal bal-
ance of each account yields the following:
Accounting for Managers
50
Financial Statements
Income
Statement
Revenues
Expenses
Business Activities
Operating Activities
Statement
of Cash Flows
Operating Activities
Investing Activities
Financing Activities
Operating Activities
Investing Activities
Financing Activities
Balance Sheet
Current Assets
Long-Term Assets
Current
Liabilities
Long-Term Liabilities
Equity
Operating Activities
Investing Activities
Operating Activities
Financing Activities
Financing Activities
Table 3-1. Financial statements and categories of activities
Webster03.qxd 8/29/2003 5:32 PM Page 50
assets + expenses + losses = liabilities + equity +
revenue + gain or debits = credits
The income statement (Table 3-2) shows the profitability of
the company.
The income statement is formatted with combinations of
bold highlighting, indentation, preliminary account sums, and
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